Nutrition 331 Final – Athabasca || with 100% Verified Solutions.

Explain the concept of dietary patterns correct answers The complex mixture of many different foods that people eat. A dietary pattern is the sum of thousands of individual substances. Define Phytochemicals correct answers Extremely diverse substances that share 3 features: 1. organic 2. found in plant foods. 3. are not vitamins (are not essential) example: carotenoids (includes beta-carotene, lycopene) associated with lower risk of heart disease and cancer Describe the general characteristics of vitamins correct answers - group of organic compounds necessary for normal functioning of the body - Vary widely in chemical structure and functions - Many act as coenzymes (B), hormones (D), antioxidants (C and E), formation of bones and tissues (A and C) Discuss the difference between water and fat soluble vitamins regarding: 1) absorption 2) storage 3) excretion 4) potential toxicity 5) retention in food through processing and storage correct answers WATER SOLUBLE: - less stable when cooking - B vitamins (Thiamin B1, Riboflavin B2, Niacin B3, Folate, B12, B6, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid) and Vitamin C - Absorbed directly into bloodstream and move around freely - Excess excreted in urine - Seldom reach toxic levels FAT SOLUBLE - Vitamin A, D, E, K - Absorbed into lymph and travel in blood in association with protein carriers - Can be stored in liver or fatty tissue, can build up to toxic amounts - Require bile for absorption - Found in fatty/oily portions of food Describe functions of Vitamins A, D, C, B12 and folate correct answers Identify the food group(s) that typically contain each vitamin, and list three to five food sources of each vitamin correct answers A - milk and milk alternatives, dark green and orange veggies D - liver, eggs, fish liver oils, butter, fortified milk and margarine C - fruit and veggies (oranges, grapefruit, broccoli, tomato, green peppers, potato) B12 - Animal products only. Liver, meat, milk, eggs Folic acid - spinach, asparagus, broccoli, dried beans, lentils, liver, added to refined bread