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Intersections of Racism and Ableism in "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian"
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Essay on the Intersections of Racism and Ableism in "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian"
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Intersections of Racism and Ableism in "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian""The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian" by Sherman Alexie delves into the complex
web of societal issues, examining not only racism but also ableism and the intersections between
the two. Through the protagonist Arnold Spirit Jr., the novel presents a powerful narrative that
sheds light on the experiences of a young Native American boy with disabilities. This essay
explores the themes of racism and ableism in the novel, examining how they intersect and shape
Arnold's journey of self-discovery and resilience.
The novel portrays racism as a pervasive force that affects Arnold's life both within and beyond
the Spokane Indian Reservation. As a Native American, Arnold faces systemic racism and
discrimination that perpetuates poverty, limited opportunities, and cultural erasure. The
reservation is plagued by generational trauma, alcoholism, and lack of resources—all products of
historical and ongoing racist policies.
Arnold's decision to attend a predominantly white school exposes him to a different kind of
racism. He experiences microaggressions, isolation, and derogatory stereotypes from his white
classmates. The novel showcases the internal struggle Arnold faces as he navigates these racially
charged environments, highlighting the ways racism shapes his sense of self and belonging.
In addition to racism, the novel addresses the issue of ableism, exploring Arnold's experiences as
a young person with disabilities. Arnold is born with physical and developmental challenges,
including hydrocephalus, which leads to speech impediments, poor coordination, and learning
difficulties. The ableist attitudes and limited resources within his community exacerbate the
challenges he faces.
Ableism is depicted through the lack of understanding, support, and accommodation Arnold
receives from his peers and even some adults. He encounters ableist stereotypes and prejudice,
with people assuming he is unintelligent or incapable of achieving success. This ableism further
isolates Arnold and adds to the complexities of his journey.
The novel skillfully intertwines racism and ableism, illustrating how these forms of
discrimination intersect and compound the challenges Arnold faces. As a young Native
American with disabilities, Arnold confronts the intersectional effects of prejudice, where racism
and ableism intersect to amplify his experiences of marginalization.
The intersection of racism and ableism is particularly evident in Arnold's struggle to find
acceptance and support within his community. The reservation's limited resources and systemic
racism contribute to the lack of accessible and inclusive opportunities for individuals with
disabilities. Arnold's identity as a Native American and a person with disabilities becomes
inseparable, with both aspects of his identity influencing his experiences and shaping how he is
perceived by others.
Furthermore, the novel explores how internalized racism and ableism can affect one's self-
perception. Arnold battles with feelings of inferiority and self-doubt, questioning his worth and
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