PNCB-PC Exam Questions with All Correct Answers

PNCB-PC Exam Questions with All Correct Answers macrocephaly - ANSWER head circumference 2 standard deviations above norm for age, sex and GA. Macrocephaly causes - ANSWER intrauterine infections, drug use during pregnancy or genetic syndromes head tilt causes - ANSWER strabismus, CNS lesions, SCM injury caput succedaneum - ANSWER diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses the suture lines. appears at birth reabsorbs within 1 to 3 days Cephalohematoma - ANSWER subperiosteal hemorrhage; does not cross suture lines, appears in a couple hours and grows for first 24 hours. resolves in weeks to a month. Cranosynostosis - ANSWER premature or irregular closure of the suture lines head control norms - ANSWER should be able to hold midline by 4 months by 6 months should have no head lag when pulling to sit. head lag at 6 months may be first sign of CP Torticollis causes - ANSWER birth trauma, muscle spasm, viral infection or drug ingestion Signs of Turners? - ANSWER Lymphedema of hands and feet esp at birth Wide spaced nipples Multiple Nevi Webbed Neck Hypothyroidism Ear abnormalities Thyroglossal duct cyst - ANSWER midline cyst mass that moves up and down with tongue protrusion. surgical removal recommended due to risk of infection brachial cleft cyst - ANSWER Congenital lesion, usually results in solitary cyst located in lateral neck; may have sinus to skin. risk of infection. Sternocleidomastoid hematoma - ANSWER usually from breech deliveries Rousseau - ANSWER believed that a child=untamed savage Darwin - ANSWER "survival of the fittest" and first journal to track development Binet and Simon - ANSWER first standardized measurement of intelligence to identify those with special needs Stanley Hall - ANSWER believed that adolescents are "storm and stress" Freud psychosexual stages - ANSWER infant- oral, toddler-anal, preschool- phallic, school age- latency and adolescent- genital Id - ANSWER principle of pleasure Ego - ANSWER principle of self interest/reality superego - ANSWER principle of morality and conscience Erikson's stages - ANSWER infant-trust vs mistrust toddler- autonomy vs shame and doubt preschool- initiative vs guilt school -industry vs inferiority adolescence- identity vs role confusion young adult- intimacy vs isolation middle age- generativity vs stagnation older adult- integrity vs despair Mahler - ANSWER believes that we get our psychological birth from our mother- if we have inadequate mothering we get mental illness