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Samenvatting - Criminaliteit en Samenleving (1021118CNR)
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CRIMINALITEIT & SAMENLEVINGInhoud
1 hoofstuk 1: criminaliteit als maatschappelijk vraagstuk..........................................................7
1.1 inleiding.............................................................................................................................7
1.2 het afwijkende individu (“het monster”)..........................................................................8
1.2.1 Andrej Romanovitsj Tsjikatilo (“de slager van Rostov”)............................................8
1.2.2 Ted bundy..................................................................................................................9
1.2.3 jeffrey dahmer............................................................................................................9
1.2.4 Richard Ramirez (“the night stalker”)........................................................................9
1.2.5 “het misleidende kwaad” (Hitler en stalin)..............................................................10
1.2.6 conclusie...................................................................................................................10
1.3 het rationele individu......................................................................................................10
1.3.1 Gary becker (1930- 2014)........................................................................................11
1.3.2 het rationele individu..............................................................................................11
1.3.3 10 principes (Felson en clark, 1998; kleemans, 2001 : 165-166).............................12
1.4 Waarom kunnen we criminaliteit niet reduceren tot de handelingen van (afwijkende)
individuen?............................................................................................................................14
1.4.1 David émile durkheim (1858-1917).........................................................................15
1.4.2 criminaliteit heeft een fuctie in de samenleving.....................................................17
1.4.3 criminaliteit leert ons iets over de aard van de samenleving..................................17
1.4.4 criminaliteit als maatschappelijk fenomeen............................................................18
1.4.5 criminaliteit en maatschappelijke verandering.......................................................18
1.5 belangrijke inzichten (smith)...........................................................................................19
1.6 de holocaust als product van de moderniteit (zygmunt bauman).................................20
1.7 samenvatting tot nu toe..................................................................................................21
1.8 hoe is sociale orde mogelijk?..........................................................................................21
1.8.1 talcot parsons (1902-1979)......................................................................................21
1.8.2 kerninzichten............................................................................................................22
1.8.3 normen en waarden.................................................................................................22
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,1.9 mensen interageren met elkaar......................................................................................24
1.9.1 george herbert mead (1863-1931)..........................................................................24
1.9.2 kerinzichten..............................................................................................................24
1.9.3 herbert blumer (1900-1987)....................................................................................25
1.10 macht maakt intrinsiek deel uit van menselijk handelen.............................................25
1.10.1 norbert elias...........................................................................................................25
1.10.2 kerninzichten..........................................................................................................26
1.10.3 solomon ash (1907-1996).....................................................................................27
1.11 een steeds kleinere wereld..........................................................................................27
1.11.1 stanley melgram (1933-1984)...............................................................................28
1.11.2 een snelle diffusie van ideeën................................................................................29
1.12 samenvatting vorige les................................................................................................29
1.13 criminaliteit als collectieve actie...................................................................................30
1.13.1 howard saul becker................................................................................................30
1.13.2 criminaliteit als interactie/ collectieve actie..........................................................31
1.13.3 uitdagingen............................................................................................................33
1.14 Sykes & Matza (1957) Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency,
American Sociological Review, Vol. 22, (6), p. 664-670........................................................35
1.14.1 David Matza (1930-2018)......................................................................................37
1.15 deviantie als sociale status............................................................................................38
1.15.1 Master status........................................................................................................39
1.15.2 haword saul becker (1928-)...................................................................................40
1.16 samenvatting vorige les................................................................................................40
1.17 masterstatus.................................................................................................................40
1.17.1 howard saul becker (1928-)...................................................................................40
1.17.2 Everett c. hughes (1897-1983)..............................................................................41
1.17.3 mastersatus is bepalend voor onze evaluaties van (het gedrag van) andere.......41
1.17.4 erving goffman (1922-1982).................................................................................42
1.18 identiteit........................................................................................................................44
1.18.1 Kennisclip superdiversiteit....................................................................................44
1.18.2 Wat is superdiversiteit...........................................................................................45
1.18.3 Waarom is de beoordeling van gedrag belangrijk om deviantie te begrijpen?....47
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, 1.19 karl marx (1818-1883)...................................................................................................48
1.19.1 enkele belangrijke begrippen................................................................................48
1.19.2 Roland barthes (1915-1980).................................................................................51
1.20 waarom is criminaliteit een maatschappelijk vraagstuk?.............................................52
2 gastcollege: jasmien Bougrine: generatie BX.........................................................................53
2.1 superdiversiteit...............................................................................................................53
2.2 brussel.............................................................................................................................54
2.3 brusselse jongeren..........................................................................................................55
2.3.1 incidenten................................................................................................................55
2.3.2 problematisering......................................................................................................56
2.4 normalisering..................................................................................................................56
2.5 discours...........................................................................................................................57
2.6 verbeelde gemeenschap.................................................................................................57
2.7 denormalisering..............................................................................................................57
2.8 normalisering..................................................................................................................58
2.9 brusselse jongeren..........................................................................................................58
2.10 superdiverse identiteit..................................................................................................58
2.11 brusselse jongeren........................................................................................................59
2.12 superdiverse identiteit..................................................................................................60
2.13 superdiverse identiteit..................................................................................................61
2.14 masterstatus.................................................................................................................61
2.15 masterstatus & normalisering......................................................................................64
2.16 outsiders........................................................................................................................65
2.17 dominant & normaal.....................................................................................................66
2.18 the usual suspect..........................................................................................................67
2.19 dominant & normaal.....................................................................................................67
2.20 voorwaardelijke acceptatie...........................................................................................69
2.20.1 masterstatus & voorwardelijke acceptatie............................................................69
2.20.2 Masterstatus & gereduceerd behoren..................................................................69
2.20.3 masterstatus & onvoltooibare assimilatie............................................................69
2.21 dominant & normaal.....................................................................................................70
2.22 normalisering van voorwaardelijke acceptatie.............................................................70
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, 2.23 normalisering van gereduceerd behoren.....................................................................70
2.24 normalisering van onvoltooibare assimilatie................................................................71
2.25 dominant & normaal.....................................................................................................71
3 gastcollege: christophe busch: collectief geweld..................................................................72
3.1 Perpetrators studies since 1945.....................................................................................73
3.1.1 demoniserende kijk..................................................................................................74
3.2 Intentionalism VS functionalism.....................................................................................76
3.2.1 Cumulatieve radicalisering – Hans Mommsen........................................................77
3.2.2 Het gebruik van woorden & het belang ervan.........................................................78
3.2.3 Modern terrorism – not a new phenomenon.........................................................82
3.2.4 From terrorists’ point of view..................................................................................83
3.2.5 I’ts religion – it’s poverty – it’s ….............................................................................83
3.3 Modeling radicalization...................................................................................................84
3.3.1 Individual – group – society.....................................................................................84
...........................................................................................................................................84
4 hoofdstuk 2: terrorisme en radicalisering..............................................................................85
4.1 deel 1: terrorisme als individualiseerbaar probleem?....................................................85
4.1.1 terrorisme en de bestrijding van het kwade............................................................86
4.1.2 terrorisme en de bestrijding van het kwade............................................................87
4.2 terrorisme als pathologie................................................................................................88
4.3 terrorisme als rationele keuze........................................................................................90
4.3.1 contra-terrorisme en situationele preventie (perry, et al., 2010)...........................91
4.3.2 reduceren van opportuniteiten...............................................................................91
4.3.3 geen focus op grondzaken.......................................................................................92
5 deel 2: terrorisme als maatschappelijk vraagstuk.................................................................92
5.1 zaken die belangrijk zijn bij terrorisme als maatschappelijk fenomeen.........................94
5.1.1 terrorisme is gesitueerd in tijd en plaats.................................................................94
5.2 islamistische staat (IS).....................................................................................................99
5.3 jihadistisch terrorisme..................................................................................................105
5.4 rechtsectremistisch terrorisme.....................................................................................106
5.5 “siege” en accelerationisme.........................................................................................108
5.6 links-extremistisch en anarchistisch terrorisme...........................................................109
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