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Chemistry Chapter 1 "Chemical Reactions And Equations" Class 10 CBSE NCERT
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● The Earth attracts all the objects towards its centre. The force with which the Earth pulls
the object towards it is called gravitational force of the Earth or gravity. It is responsible for
holding the atmosphere above the Earth. Further rain falling to the earth and the flow of
water in the rivers. It is a gravitational force of earth. Which keeps us firmly on the ground.
● According to Newton, every object in this universe attracts every other object with a certain
force. Force with which 2 objects attract each other is called gravitational force. This force
acts even if the 2 objects are not connected by any means.
● If the masses of the objects are small, then the gravitational force between them is very small,
which cannot be detected easily.
● If, however, one of the objects is very big, then the gravitational force between them becomes
very large and its effect can be seen.
● This is gravitational force or gravity is always a force of attraction between 2 objects or 2
bodies.
The universal law of gravitation.
● The universal law of gravitation was given by Newton, so it is also known as Newton's law of
gravitation.
● Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force which is directly proportional
to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance between
them.
● The direction of forces along the line or joining them.
● F =
, ○ Here the capital M stands for the mass of the first object, the small m stands for the
mass of the second object, R stands for the distance between the centres of the 2 objects
and F stands for the force between them.
● G is a constant known as the universal gravitational constant. The value of G does not depend
on the medium between the 2 bodies. It does not also depend on the masses of the bodies, or
order distance between them.
● Since the gravitational force between 2 bodies is inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them, therefore if we double the distance between 2 bodies of gravitational
force becomes 1/4 and if we half the distance between 2 bodies then the gravitational force
becomes 4 times.
● The SI unit of G is Newton meter square divided by kg square. ----
● If putting the mass M1 and M2 are, the bodies are one kg each and the diameter R between
them is one meter, and then putting M1 equals one KG, M2 equals one kg and Rs to one
meter. In the verb formula we get F = G.
○ The value of gravitational constant is equal to Force of gravitation when 2 objects of
mass, one kg each, are kept apart one meter from each other.
● The unit of universal gravitational constant G has been found to be
● The force of gravitation is a vector quantity and it acts along the line joining the centers of
the masses of the 2 bodies.
● When both the objects of bodies are very big, Having very large masses, then the gravitational
force between the objects becomes extremely large.
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