SARAH MICHELLE LIVE REVIEW STUDY GUIDE 2024-100% Pass!!

SARAH MICHELLE LIVE REVIEW STUDY GUIDE 2024-100% Pass!! What is the screening tool for the thyroid? -Answer-TSH Level What is the normal range for TSH? -Answer-0.5-5.0 When do you order a full thyroid profile? -Answer-If thyroid screening of TSH comes back abnormal, then we will reorder TSH and T3, T4. What disorder demonstrates a low TSH level and high T3 and T4 levels? -Answer- Hyperthyroidism What disorder demonstrates a high TSH level and low T3 and T4 levels? -Answer- Hypothyroidism What medication is used to treat hypothyroidism? -Answer-Levothyroxine (Synthroid) What dose of Synthroid do you want to start your patient on? -Answer-If patient is elderly or if they have a significant cardiac history then we are going to start at a lower dose of 12.5-25 mcg po daily. In a normal healthy patient, we will start at 25-50 mcg po daily. After initiation of medication for treatment of hypothyroidism, when do you recheck TSH level? -Answer-6-8 weeks When TSH level is stabilized, how often do you recheck their level? -Answer-Every 6-12 months What is the go to medication for treatment of hyperthyroidism? -Answer-Tapazole and PTU How do you manage treatment for hyperthyroidism in a pregnant patient? -Answer-We need to use PTU instead if they are in their first trimester. After first trimester, then they can be switched to tapazole. What medication class is used to treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism? -Answer-Beta- blockers- these help manage tachycardia and palpitations What are 2 other treatments for the hyperthyroidism? -Answer-Thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine What labs are used to measure and evaluate kidney function? -Answer-GFR, BUN, Creatinine What lab value is most accurate description of kidney function? -Answer-GFR- this is going to tell us how the kidneys are filtering the blood and how well they are removing waste. What is a normal GFR value? -Answer-90 What GFR value indicates an absolute need to start a patient on dialysis? -Answer-15- this means that patient is in CKD stage 5 What is the second most important lab value to measure kidney function? -Answer- Creatinine What is creatinine? -Answer-A waste product in the blood. If your kidneys are functioning properly, then this waste product is removed by your kidneys. When kidney function decreases, your creatinine level starts to rise. What is a normal creatine value? -Answer-Around 1 Why is BUN least telling for kidney function? -Answer-Blood urea nitrogen is a normal waste product when your body breaks down urea. However, this is not specific to the kidneys. It can also indicate liver issues. What is a normal BUN level? -Answer-10-20 With which first-line BP medication do we want to check the BUN/Cr? -Answer-ACE Inhibitors What finding on a UA id indicative of true kidney damage? -Answer-Casts- WBC or RBC casts always need to be referred out When do we screen for microalbumin in the urine? -Answer-We're always going to screen when DM and HTN is first diagnosed. What are the most common causes of CKD? -Answer-HTN and DM Why is it important to perform early screening for microalbumin in the urine? -Answer- Patients who have mild kidney damage do not have symptoms, this screening will ideally identify damage early and prevent progression