4. stadium IV:
toxisch stadium met respiratoire arrest en cardiovasculaire collaps met pupildilatie
SOORTEN ANESTHESIE
INHALATIE ANESTHETICA
meestal voor onderhoud anesthesie (vaak bij kinderen) & bij moeilijke toegang IV
lachgas, sevoflurane, desflurane
ether, chloroform, trilene -> te toxisch (worden niet gebruikt)
SEVOFLURANE (enige voor inductie)(3 manieren)
traag opbouwen
starten met 8% concentratie & dan dalen naar 3-4%
single breath (8% gasmengel) -> 1-3 x inademen
INTRAVENEUZE SLAAPMIDDELEN
induceren & onderhouden van anesthesie -> grad van sedatie is onvoorspelbaar
barbituraten, ketamine, etomidate en propofol
nevenwerkingen van opiaten: sedatie, gewenning, afhankelijkheid, misselijkheid, obstipatie,
pupilvernauwing, urineretentie, ademhalingsdepressie, oddi spasme
ANTAGONISATIE
versnellen van ontwaken door toedienen van analeptica
doxapram (analeptica)
naloxone (met µ effect)
flumazenil (benzodiazepines)
INTERACTIES
ADDITIEF: combinatie van 2 agens heeft som van de 2
POTENTIERING: 2 agens hebben samen een effect & alleen niet
analgeticum & benzodiazepine
SYNERGISTISCH: combo hebben samen beter effect dan alleen & nevenwerking kunnen heviger zijn
SSRI & tramadol = serotonerg syndroom
HYPO-ADDITIEF: effect van ene agens maakt andere ongedaan
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