Anatomy of the Respiratory System Summary Notes for Dentistry (Year 1)
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Course
Anatomy (4NNYBD01)
Institution
Kings College London (KCL)
Concise and easy to access notes on the anatomy of the respiratory system for first year dental students.
Covers the thoracic cavity, the vertebral column, the thoracic vertebra, the ribs, the diaphragm, the lungs and the musculature of the respiratory system.
Thoracic Cavity
• Posterior + sides = 12 pairs of ribs; anterior = sternum
• Cavity closed off by diaphragm
• Thoracic Inlet: space bound by first rib, first thoracic vertebra and manubrium,
transmitting the oesophagus, trachea, vagus nerve & carotid arteries
• Thoracic Outlet: under diaphragm, T12 and ribs 11/12, transmitting the oesophagus,
aorta, vena cava & phrenic nerves
Sternum
• Anterior portion of thoracic cavity
• Sternum = manubrium + sternum body + xiphoid process
• Manubriosternal Joint: secondary cartilaginous-fibrocartilage joint,
connecting sternum body & manubrium, lying between synovial joints of
second costal cartilages
• Angle of Louis: the manubrium is at a slight angle to the body
• The manubriosternal level is:
o Horizontal to T4
o At the level of bifurcation of trachea (quiet respiration)
o At the level of the aortic arch
, Vertebral Column
Vertebral Column
• 33 vertebrae connected by intervertebral discs, synovial joints, ligaments and muscles
Cervical Vertebra
• Consists of 7 distinct vertebrae, with 3 main characteristic features:
o Triangular vertebral foramen
o Bifid spinous process – where the spinous process splits into two distally
o Transverse foramina – gives passage to vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves
Atlas (C1)
• No vertebral body & no spinous process
• Lateral masses, connected by an anterior and posterior arch
• Superior articular facet (articulates with occipital condyles) and inferior articular facet
(articulates with C2)
• Transverse ligament of the atlas secures a facet for articulation with the dens of the axis
• Groove on posterior arch for vertebral artery and C1 spinal nerve
Axis (C2)
• Odontoid Process (dens): extends superiorly from anterior portion and articulates with
anterior arch of atlas, creating the medial atlanto-axial joint
• Superior articular facets (articulates with inferior articular facets of C1)
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