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TMU World History 2 Exam 1, Questions and Answers Graded A+
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TMU World History 2 Exam 1
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TMU World History 2 Exam 1American Revolution - answer- uprising where 13 of GB's N. American colonies won political independence - until early 1778, the conflict was a civil war within the British Empire but became an international war afterward - FR, SP, & NL assisted the colonies - sea power proved vital in determining the course of the war and ultimately enabled the
French to help bring about the final British surrender at Yorktown
Cottage Industry - answeraka the "Domestic System" - rural people desired extra income, urban entrepreneurs would furnish raw materials & basic tools then return later to collect finished products - textiles first & main cottage industry
- this system helped fuel trade; set the stage (later) for the Industrial Revolution
Czar (or Tzar, Tsar) - answertitle used to designate the rulers/emperors of Russia
Deists - answer- god created the universe then left humans guided only by their reason - not the personal God of the Bible
- own religion with "rational" ethics as its core
Great Awakening - answer- American revivalist movement - response to the growing formalism of early 18th century American Christianity - in 1719, revivals began in New Jersey, however, the preaching of Jonathan Edwards & the resultant conversions of the 1730s gave it widespread recognition - 1739-1741, George Whitefield's mission won many converts from Penn. to Maine
Great Britain - answer- comprised of England, Scotland, & Wales - established in the 1707 Act of Union
Holy Roman Empire - answer- union of various territories
- mostly German-speaking principalities
- Holy Roman Emperors depended on their powerful nobles (very independent) because the office of Emperor was elective - nobles/areas belonged to the HRE, but regarded themselves as autonomous
Philosophes - answer- FR word for "philosophers" - mostly dealt with theological issues - in the 18th century "philosophes" became engaged & agitated for change -sought to be well-rounded, not narrow specialists
Salons - answer- Paris - evening receptions where men/women could educate themselves & openly discuss ideas
Textiles - answermaterial made from thread or yarn that is woven, matted, or knotted
Thomas Hobbes - answer- author of "Leviathan"
- left to their own devices people will create miserable lives for themselves & others
- to solve this, people give their power to an absolute authority (the Leviathan) who keeps order and makes peaceful living possible - he justified obedience to moral rules on a purely secular basis
United Kingdom - answer- area of Great Britain with the inclusion of Ireland in 1801 - Ireland was later divided (partitioned) into two entities during the 20th century
Nicolaus Copernicus - answer- Polish astronomer - heliocentrism - published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres - transition from the medieval (premodern) to the scientific (modern) view of the universe
Ivan IV, "The Terrible" - answer- 1st Russian Czar (emperor) - mentally unstable - sought to impose a czarist autocracy (unlimited authority)
- curbed the power of the Boyars (nobles)
Charles I. (1stof Spain) / Charles V. (5th of HRE) - answer- was unsuccessful in the German religious wars - ultimately, the Habsburg Empire was divided
Division of Habsburg Empire - answer- Austrian Habsburgs: Charles' brother Ferdinand I received the HRE crown & E. Habsburg lands - Spanish Habsburgs: his son Philip II received the rest of the empire (SP, NL, New World)
Philip II - answer- Spain - a zeal for R. Catholicism framed personal conduct/foreign policies
Elizabeth I - answer- "Good Queen Bess" - generally worked well with Parliament (pragmatic) - brought religious peace via the Elizabethan Settlement
- thus upon her death left no direct heir Defeat of the Spanish Armada - answer- Spain's Philip II could regard military action as a holy crusade against the "heretical"/"illegitimate" queen - Elizabeth's words at Tilbury marked a high point of her rule
Bourbon dynasty - answerincluded Henry IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV
Henry IV - answerended the French Wars of Religion (ran from 1562-98) by signing the Edict of Nantes
Edict of Nantes - answergranted religious toleration/freedom for Huguenots
Netherlands - answer- Dutch East India Company controlled Indian Ocean trade - aka Holland; the people are "Dutch" - Belgium, the Netherlands, & Luxembourg, are together called: the "Low Countries" (aka Benelux)
James I - answer- King James Bible
- granted charters for the establishment of colonies in North America (notably Jamestown, 1607)
Dutch/Netherlands/Holland success - answer- "cutting edge" - commercial success came with dominance of the cargo trade - other nations shipped via the Dutch
Fluyt - answer- narrow deck, wide hull - was a high-volume, low maintenance vessel - profitable
Dutch/Netherlands/Holland government - answermodern republic
Dutch global trading network - answerEast India/East Indies/Indonesia (aka "spice islands"): spices West India/West Indies/Caribbean area: sugar, tobacco, slaves
Dutch success - answer1600s - enjoyed the highest quality of life in Europe - a "Golden Age" - success was situated between the decline of Spain & the rise to power of France & England
Thirty Years' War - answer- series of conflicts (4 phases) fought largely in Germany over religious, dynastic, & territorial concerns - pitted German Protestant princes & allies (FR, SE, DK, Eng. NL) vs. German RC princes (SP, HRE)
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