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ESS 105 EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ESS 105 EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS How did the people of ancient Mesopotamian cultures view the earth? - ANSWER a flat disk/rectangle with a solid dome, holding the stars, moon, and sun; earth is on pillars 4 lines of evidence that the ancient Greeks used to demonstrate Earth as a sphere - ANSWER 1. ships sailing: mast disappears last 2. lunar eclipse: shadow of earth on moon = circular 3. stars: Polaris (north star) stays in same position all night: earth has axis 4. seasonal constellations: idea of round earth, turning on axis, facing towards different constellations at different times How Eratosthenes Measured the Size of Earth. - ANSWER angles of sunlight: measure Summer solstice - 500 miles N, sun cast 7 degree shadow; then calculated how many miles for 360 degrees modern exploration supports earth as a sphere - ANSWER European renaissance viewed earth as round; ships sailing; crossing the poles and sailing around the earth mesopotamia - ANSWER ancient land between two rivers ancient greece - ANSWER present day country of Greece aristotle - ANSWER Greek philosopher Eratosthenes - ANSWER calculated the circumference of the earth empirical evidence - ANSWER information we can verify with our senses lunar eclipse - ANSWER the blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and the moon north star - ANSWER Polaris circumpolar constellations - ANSWER a group of constellations that are visible all year round. Example: Ursa Major(Big Dipper), Ursa Minor(Small Dipper), and Cassiopia summer solstice - ANSWER Longest day of the year, June 21 winter solstice - ANSWER Shortest day of the year (December 21) Magellan - ANSWER First to sail around the world Amundsen - ANSWER first to reach the South Pole latitude - ANSWER distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees longitude - ANSWER Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees parallels - ANSWER lines of latitude meridians - ANSWER lines of longitude equator - ANSWER 0 degrees latitude prime meridian - ANSWER 0 degrees longitude great circle - ANSWER a circle on a sphere that divides the sphere into two hemispheres small circle - ANSWER line that forms a circle smaller than the equator tropic of cancer - ANSWER a line of latitude about 23 degrees North of the equator tropic of capricorn - ANSWER a line of latitude about 23 degrees South of the equatorThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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