Allesomvattende samenvattingen van Introduction to Islam, Brown 3e Editie. Alle informatie van het boek, hoorcolleges en werkcolleges; inclusief extra informatie over termen, namen en jaartallen.
Introduction to Islam
MOS PRE-MASTER
RIANNE VAN MIERLO
,Table of Contents
Hoorcollege week 1 ...............................................................................................................3
H1 – Islam in globaal perspectief................................................................................................... 6
Soennieten en sjiieten ..............................................................................................................................6
Islamitische rituelen .................................................................................................................................7
H2 – Arabië.................................................................................................................................... 7
Mekka en de Quraysh...............................................................................................................................8
De geschenken van de Arabieren..............................................................................................................9
H3 – het pre-Islamitische Nabije Oosten ....................................................................................... 9
Christendom in het Nabije Oosten ............................................................................................................9
Zoroastrisme .......................................................................................................................................... 11
Jodendom .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Manicheïsme ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Mazdak .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Week 1 Extra literatuur – A History of Islamic Societies .............................................................. 13
Hoorcollege week 2 .............................................................................................................16
Hadith en islamitisch recht .......................................................................................................... 16
Sharia .......................................................................................................................................... 18
H4 – Het leven van Mohammed .................................................................................................. 19
Biografie van Mohammed ...................................................................................................................... 19
Oppositie van Mohammed ..................................................................................................................... 21
H5 – De Koran ............................................................................................................................. 24
Context van de koran ............................................................................................................................. 26
H6 – De traditie literatuur ........................................................................................................... 28
Hoorcollege week 3 .............................................................................................................30
H7 – de veroveringen .................................................................................................................. 35
H8 – religie van het rijk ............................................................................................................... 36
Vroege moslim administratie.................................................................................................................. 36
Leiderschap............................................................................................................................................ 38
De plaatsvervanger van God................................................................................................................... 39
De Rotskoepel ........................................................................................................................................ 39
H9 – Het Kalifaat ......................................................................................................................... 40
Sjiieten versie......................................................................................................................................... 41
Abbasieden ............................................................................................................................................ 41
Twaalvers............................................................................................................................................... 42
Isma’ilieten ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Nizari, “assassins” .................................................................................................................................. 43
Kharijieten ............................................................................................................................................. 43
De Sasanieden herleving ........................................................................................................................ 44
Al-Mawardi ............................................................................................................................................ 44
Hoorcollege week 4 .............................................................................................................44
H10 – Islamitische recht .............................................................................................................. 49
Soennitische rechtsscholen .................................................................................................................... 49
Bronnen en principes ............................................................................................................................. 50
Religieuze plichten ................................................................................................................................. 52
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, H11 – Islamitische theologie en filosofie ..................................................................................... 54
H12 – Soefisme............................................................................................................................ 57
Hoorcollege week 5 .............................................................................................................61
H13 – Turken, kruisvaarders en Mongolen.................................................................................. 66
H14 – Herleving en hervorming ................................................................................................... 67
H15 – Islam en het Westen.......................................................................................................... 70
Hoorcollege week 6 .............................................................................................................72
H16 – De turbulente 20ste eeuw .................................................................................................. 75
Secularisme............................................................................................................................................ 76
Islamitische staat ................................................................................................................................... 77
Het Tanzimaat ........................................................................................................................................ 78
Modernisten .......................................................................................................................................... 79
H17 – Salafisme ........................................................................................................................... 80
H18 – Islam in de 21ste eeuw........................................................................................................ 82
Hoorcollege week 6 .............................................................................................................84
Begrippen ..............................................................................................................................0
Belangrijk – begrippen leren in combinatie met de context (tijdsperiode)
Bijvoorbeeld:
• Qasida ontstaan in de Jahiliyya
• Schrijver Abu Nuwas leefde in de 8e eeuw
• Etc.
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, Hoorcollege week 1
Islam = “onderwerping”
Voor tijd van Muhammed = Arabië was woestijngebied. Bevolking opgedeeld in stammen
• Stammen waren deels nomadisch
• Stammen de sociale structuur van Arabië
• Heel weinig bronnen uit de pre-islamitische periode
• Veel bronnen uit de pre-islamitische periode komen uit de islamitische periode – vaak
negatieve bronnen
• Yahiliyya = “onwetendheid”, de pre-islamitische periode
• Mekka en Medina waren belangrijke steden voor de biografie van de profeet Mohammed
o Belangrijk door handelsroutes
o Mekka = pelgrimsplaats
o Medina = handelsstad
Rijken in de tijd voor/rond Muhammed
• Sassanidische rijk (Perzische rijk)
• Oost-Romeinse rijk (Byzantijnse rijk)
Deze rijken vochten veel tegen elkaar en de ‘opkomende’ moslims konden hiervan profiteren.
Profeet Muhammed (570 geboren)
• Geboren in “het jaar van de olifant”
o Jaar dat een Ethiopische leider met een leger van olifanten naar Mekka trok om
de stad in te nemen. Mekka wordt beschermd door vogels uit Mekka die stenen
op de olifanten laten vallen
• Vader Abdallah, moeder Aminah – Muhammed werd wees op 6-jarige leeftijd
• Grootvader Abd al-Muttalib (overleed ook), daarna oom Abu Talib (zorgde uiteindelijk
voor Muhammed)
Belangrijkste stam – Quraysh
Belangrijkste Clan binnen Quraysh – Banu Hashim
• Muhammeds opa (Abd al-Muttalib) was leider van de Abu Hashim
Muhammeds eerste vrouw – Khadija (rijke weduwnaar en handelaar)
• Latere vrouw – A’isha
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