Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions

A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell: a. number b. size c. vacuoles d. lipofuscin - Answer-B. Size During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of atrophy? a. Physiologic b. Pathologic c. Disuse d. Neurogenic - Answer-A. Physiologic When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an: a. increase in size b. decrease in length c. increase in excitability d. decrease in number - Answer-A. Increase in size A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaption is called: a. anaplasia b. hyperplasia c. metaplasia d. dysplasia - Answer-C. MetaplasiaWhen planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of: a. compensatory hyperplasia b. hormonal hyperplasia c. hormonal anaplasia d. compensatory anaplasia - Answer-B. Hormonal hyperplasia A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as: a. dysplasia b. pathologic dysplasia c. hyperplasia d. pathologic hyperplas - Answer-D. Pathologic hyperplasia A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis C. If the cancerous region of his liver is removed, the remaining cells would undergo: a. pathologic hyperplasia b. pathologic metaplasia c. compensatory hyperplasia d. compensatory aplasia - Answer-C. Compensatory hyperplasia A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this type of change? a. Metaplasia b. Atrophy c. Hypertrophy d. Dysplasia - Answer-D. DyspalsiaA 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to: a. malnutrition b. free radicals c. ischemia d. chemical toxicity - Answer-C. Ischemia