ATI CBC Semester 2 Study Guide with Questions and Answers

Pulse oximeter a device with a sensor probe that attaches securely to the fingertip, toe, bridge of nose, earlobe, or forehead with a clip or band What do pulse oximeters do? Measure pulse saturation (SpO2) via a wave of infrared light that measures light absorption by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in arterial blood. SpO2 reliably reflects the percent of saturation of hemoglobin when then SaO2 is greater than 70%. Oxygen a tasteless and colorless gas that accounts for 21% of atmospheric air Oxygen flow rates vary to maintain an SpO2 of 95% to 100% using the lowest amount of oxygen to achieve the goal without risking complications Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) the percentage of oxygen the client receives When would you use pulse oximetry? When assessment findings include increased work of breathing, wheezing, coughing, cyanosis, changes in respiratory rate or rhythm, adventitious breath sounds, restlessness, irritability, confusion Interventions for pulse oximetry readings less than 90% (indicating hypoxemia) Confirm probe placement Confirm that the oxygen delivery system is functioning and that the client is receiving the prescribed oxygen levels. Place the client in semi-Fowler's position promote chest expansion and to maximize ventilation. Encourage deep breathing Remain with the client and provide emotional support to decrease anxiety. Interpretation of pulse oximetry findings The expected range is 95%-100%. Acceptable levels range from 91%-100%. Some illness states can allow for 85%-89%. Readings less than 90% reflect hypoxemia. Values can be slightly lower for older adult clients and clients who have dark skin. Additional reasons for low readings include hypothermia, poor peripheral blood flow, too much light (sun, infrared lamps), low hemoglobin levels, jaundice, movement, edema, nail polish. Oxygen therapy Oxygen is a therapeutic gas that treats hypoxemia (low levels of arterial oxygen). Administering and adjusting it requires a prescription