Statistical Methods for Psychology, International Edition
All you need to know for the Experimental and Correlational Research in one document! No need to read the book, just familiarise yourself with this summary and do practice questions and you are guaranteed to get a good grade! Good Luck!
Experimenteel en correlationeel onderzoek Lectures
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Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Psychologie
Experimental and correlational research
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Great summary for E&C Research! Helped me understand the statistics concepts much better! ANother great one from IBP thanks a lot! :)
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Content preview
Experimental &
Correlational Research
Important Concepts you should be familiar with
Correlation =/ causation
Correlation: Is there an association between two variables?
Assume association two variables changing together
Causality: is there an effect?
One happens the other happens after
Must happen for causality to be in place:
1. Covariance: variables have an association
2. Directionality: cause precedes effect (in time)
3. Internal validity: eliminate alternative explanations
Scatterplots
Direction: positive vs. negative
Strength: more points clustered around one (straight) line = stronger relationship
Shape: linear vs. nonlinear / homogenous vs. heterogeneous
Covariance (sxy): measure the degree to which two variables vary together
Provides info:
Direction & Strength:
If near -1 and 1 = stronger relationship
If 0 = no relationship
If close to 0 = weak relationship
Disadvantage: The range of the covariance is dependent on the unit of measurement of the
variables
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