Oh, hi! Can you explain the bad review?
By: teun1105 • 4 year ago
By: ireneteulings • 5 year ago
Seller
Follow
koenveldman2
Reviews received
Content preview
Summary Missing Data and causal effects
Inhoud
Missing Data: HC 1................................................................................................................................... 2
Literature week 1 .................................................................................................................................... 7
Book chapter 1.1 + 1.2......................................................................................................................... 7
Missing data HC 2 .................................................................................................................................... 9
Literature week 2 .................................................................................................................................. 17
Book chapter 1.3 + 1.4....................................................................................................................... 17
Missing data HC 3 .................................................................................................................................. 25
Literature week 3 .................................................................................................................................. 30
Rubin chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................. 30
Missing Data HC 4.................................................................................................................................. 33
Literature week 4 .................................................................................................................................. 38
Rubins: Chapter 5 .............................................................................................................................. 38
Rubins: chapter 6............................................................................................................................... 39
Missing data HC 5 .................................................................................................................................. 41
Literature week 5 .................................................................................................................................. 46
Book chapters: 2.1 + 2.3 + 2.4 + 2.7 + 2.8 + 3.1 + 3.4 ........................................................................ 46
Missing Data HC 6.................................................................................................................................. 57
Literature week 6 .................................................................................................................................. 65
Book chapter 8 .................................................................................................................................. 65
Rubins chapter 6.4 + 6.5 .................................................................................................................... 66
Missing data HC 8 .................................................................................................................................. 68
1
,Missing Data: HC 1
Missing values
Missing values are those values that are not observed → Values do exist in theory, but we are unable
to see them (e.g. non-response → not being home, not answering, or measurement breaks down
etc. ). In this course the main focus is non-response. There are different kind of non-response:
Types of non-response
1. unit non-response: no observed response at all for a case → people are in total not
participating
2. item non-response: some, but not all, responses are missing for a case → some data we have
but some not.
➔ Unit nonresponse refers to the complete absence of an interview from a sampled
household whereas item nonresponse refers to the absence of answers to specific
questions in the interview after the sampled household agrees to participate in the
survey. OR Unit nonresponse in a survey occurs when an eligible sample member fails to
respond at all or does not provide enough information for the response to be deemed
usable (not even as a "partial completion"). Unit nonresponse can be contrasted to item
nonresponse (missing data) wherein the sample member responds but does not provide
a usable response to a particular item or items.
Furthermore You can classify missing values in three groups:
1. Unintentional: Missing values that should have been observed
2. Intentional : Missing values that should not have been observed (e.g. → Q1: do you have
children? ; Q2: what is the age of your children? → if the answer on Q1 is ‘no’ than the
answer on Q2 is supposed to be missing
3. Deductive missings: Missing values whose true value can be deduced from the observed data
(e.g. → when you don’t have information about the BMI, you can calculate it with someone’s
height and weight.)
Sampling: people are not participating and are supposed to do not
2
,Branching / matrix sampling: people are not filling in an answer and are supposed to
Refusal / self-selection: people are not participating that are supposed to do: can lead to a selection
bias
Skip question / coding error: questions are not answered that are supposed to be answered, maybe
because of a typo.
Why missing values?
Death, dropout, refusal,bad luck → USB stick lost etc ..
But more importantly: If not all necessary information is captured, our inference may be wrong. This
can be due to errors with respect to: sampling (does sampling match the research goals?), coverage
(is the target population the same as the targeted population?), non-contact (unable to reach the
respondent), incompetence of the researcher or just refusal.
Bold statement 1
EVERYTHING IS A MISSING DATA PROBLEM → there is always some source of information missing
3
, Experiment example: impossible because you want to compare above vs above
➔ Solution: randomization
Illustration of the problem
Example 1
➔ The same holds for a x2 regression, variance etc ..
➔ Furthermore: Because we have a smaller observed set (when compared to the incomplete
set) there is lower statistical power (founding an effect when there is = linkerbovenhoek).
and a smaller effect size (R2).
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller koenveldman2. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.