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IB ESS SL topics 4 and 6
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This is for IB ESS students, this note covers the topics 4 and 6
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Topic4 DistributionofEarth'swater
4 1 WaterFoodProductionsystemsandsociety anero.si rivers
f
hf ÉÉ in
iii it
Thewater H ydrologicalcycle
heytuggqiatfi.estime it for awatermoleculetoenter leavethepartofthesystem
takes
eu
renewable middle nonrenewable
7 p
Human Impact on the watercycle
Thewatercycleconsistsofstoragesofwatersandflowsof
water
landscapeand
Humanschangethe interruptthemovement ofwaterby
i ij
Ygiffs qq.ge
withdrawals domesticuse irrigationinagricultureand
industri
IE
inuzingamsarragesages
oceancurrents andenergydistribution
Iaasaranenngrier
41Divertingriversor orrivers
sections sea
exaral Gangesbasinrun from off
urbanizedareascausinglocalfloodin
It urbanization and flesh
Fleshfloodsoccur whenrainfall orsnowmelt cannot
they
areduetodifferences inwaterdensity imperature infiltratetheseaandruns offthesurface are to land being
hard baked in not
ers then
uterine
awater no esait er
k ocean currentandclimate
warmwater coldhasto comeupfromaeptntorggqi.it waterhas ahigherheat capacitythanland
was
ter wormhas
toreplaceit andlocalclimate
moderatewinters
aggings
warmdown
thiswaywatercirculates a oceancurrents also affectslocalclimate
coldoceancurrents runfromthepole drift climateof northwesternEurope
ask.fr fk
Atlantic
fg
edffafeh
tfffggg.gg
warm currentsslow thecold wind climateofremissiondesert
current prevailingsouthwest
Benguela
srmtheeautr.IE
on ffqren
TheHumboldtcurrentimpactsthe
climateinPeru
, 4 2 Access toFreshwater
wateras acriticalresource
desalinationisnot
this
whichare
fifer exisraelaustraliasaudiaarabia
aviableproposition
amajorissueindesalinisation saltbyproduct often returned tooceaninsensis adf.fi Igierifohecosystem
upto40 ofhumansalivelivewithsomelevelofwaterscarcity ThewhocworldHealthorganization
numbsshouldhaveaccess minsocitres
toa
Humansusefreshwater
for domesticusenamefordrinkingwashingcleaning agendaat 40litres
inworldsomenosway hasway
lesssome more
irrigation
agriculture foranimalstodrink industrymanufacturingmining
hydroelectricpower generation transportation markingthe states
boundariesnation theremaybeenoughwaterin aregionbutitisdiverted
fornondomesticuse
sustainability
ofFreshwaterresourceusage agricultureuseswater irrigationandto
for providewater
for ratestens timeshigherthandomestica
livestockusage
of
sources
offreshwatersurfacefreshwaterCriversstreams reservoirslatest humanpopulationextends we
needmorewater
ftp.fqee
andunderground aquiferswatercanbeextracteddirectlyfromsurfaceorviawellsfromaquifers exEgypt not
does
finedcontinouslywith infiltration
by p gg ffernof.g swffed
of theporous
precipitationwhere
aquiferlayer porousrockinour
of twolayers ofimperablerockrockreachesthesurfaceonlyinlimitedareasMurrayDoringAustralia waterscarcitybeagriculture
Later antigens
areusedunsustainably
flowextremelyslow
fossilaquifers rechargesourceisnolongerexposedatthe Global freshwater consumption increasingstrongly
bcyyqepgggtigz.no
surfaceand sotheyare neverrefined cannotbeusedsustainably
solutions issues
matechange disruptingransenpatterns a
É
go.gs
frj eEauaII LetL'sg tibia hittingstutters
nowwaterlevelsinriversandstream thecoloradoriveris waysmallernow
ducedomesticuseoffreshwaterby
usingwaterefficientsnowerstoiletsdishwashers
slowwaterflowinthelowercoursesofriverresultsinsedimetion shallow r
undergroundaquifer arebeingexhausted agricultureeffected
incarsin aclosedwatersystem grey a se
S
and
rates from
pumping theaquifersaretoo
fast
fiffffgu
Freshwaterb ecomescontaminatedand
unus
eatingdroughtresistant can theneed
reduce
forirrigation
iÉgiddiest
crops
release
patents
irrigation so
dissolvedmineralsremain
waterevaporatesbeforeabsorbed
inthetoplayerof the seamanasane i.fiif
wetheamount of used
fertilize
pesticide
Industriesand intorivers
warmwater
p lantsrelease
electricity
chemical
fertilizer witharsenicseticizer
water
warm species compositionin
powerstationschangesthe
outflowfrom thewater at
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