BIOS 1300 Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide with correct answers 2024

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Information storage b Catalysis c Transport of solutes d Muscle contraction - answer-a Sucrase is the enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose. Using your new knowledge of enzymes, what other reactions would you expect to be catalyzed by sucrase? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Maltose → glucose + glucose b Lactose → galactose and glucose c Ala-gly dipeptide → alanine + glycine d Both A & B e None - answer-e Which of the following is NOT amphipathic? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Phospholipids b Cholesterol c Glucose d Glycolipids - answer-c What would you expect to find in the P-site of a ribosome in the initiation of translation? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a A tRNA with an anticodon of AUG bonded to methionine. b A tRNA with bonded to a polypeptide. c A tRNA with an anticodon of UAC bonded to methionine. d A tRNA with an anticodon of AUG bonded to a uracil nucleotide. - answer-c When a substance moves down its concentration gradient but needs help crossing the membrane: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Simple diffusion b Facilitated diffusion c Active transport d Propagated transport - answer-b Which type of cell junction forms seals between cells? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Desmosomes b Gap c Tight d Adherens - answer-c Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Na / K pump? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a It uses ATP for energy to pump Na+ ions out of the cell and K+ ions in. Your answer b It pumps 3 K+ into the cell and 2 Na+ out. c It pumps 3 K+ out of the cell and 2 Na+ in. d Its action is called passive transport. - answer-a In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes decondense? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Prophase b Metaphase c Anaphase d Telophase - answer-d The cytoskeleton: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and ___________. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Collagen fibers b Keratin filaments c Microtubules d Cellulose fibers - answer-c During translation, how many mRNA molecules are required to make a polypeptide of 100 amino acids? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 0 b 100 c 1 d 101 - answer-c In which type of secretion does the cell rupture to become the secretion? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Holocrine b Merocrine c Apocrine d Paracrine - answer-a What is the name for the aqueous solution inside the cell? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Cytoplasm b Buffer c Cytosol d Secretion - answer-c What is the name of the enzyme that performs transcription? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a RNA polymerase b Reverse transcriptase c DNA polymerase d RNase - answer-a Transthyretin (TTR) protein is made of 4 identical polypeptides, how many TTR genes are there? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 1 b 4 c 16 d 3 - answer-a Which of the following happens during RNA processing? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a The mRNA is read by the ribosome to make a polypeptide. b tRNA is synthesized using a DNA template strand. c mRNA is synthesized using a DNA template strand. d Introns are cut out of a pre-mRNA and the exons are spliced together. - answer-d What is chromatin? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a The photosynthetic pigment b The narrow central region of a condensed chromosome c DNA plus polysaccharides d DNA bound to associated proteins - answer-d In which type of secretion does the cell pinch off a portion of itself to be the secretion? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Holocrine b Merocrine c Apocrine d Paracrine - answer-c Areolar connective tissue is found in ... Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a The papillary dermis b The reticular dermis c The hypodermis d The epidermis - answer-c An electrochemical gradient results from __________. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a The ability of the membrane to absorb ions b The action of carrier proteins c The action of the Na / K pump d Simple diffusion of ions through the membrane - answer-c Where would you expect to find collagen? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Extracellular matrix b Jello c Bone matrix d All of the above - answer-d What is the job of a receptor protein? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a To transport small, polar molecules like glucose. b To link proteins outside the cell to the cytoskeleton inside c To relay an external message into the interior of the cell. d To mark the identity of the cell - answer-c Which type of cell junction connects cells together and is anchored to intermediate filaments? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Desmosomes b Gap c Tight d Adherens - answer-a Which cellular process do β cells in the pancreas use to secrete the insulin protein? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Facilitated diffusion b Simple diffusion c Endocytosis d Exocytosis - answer-d Which of the following is definitely NOT a second messenger? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Diacylglycerol b Calcium ions c Inositol triphosphate d Insulin - answer-d This is the first step of gene expression that happens in the nucleus: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a The info in DNA is used to make a polypeptide. b The info in DNA is copied into mRNA. c The info in mRNA is used to make a polypeptide. d The info in mRNA is copied into DNA. - answer-b What is the result of replication? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 2 identical DNA molecules b tRNA c mRNA d Many identical polypeptides - answer-a Which type of cell junction allows for very fast communication between cells? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Desmosomes b Gap c Tight d Adherens - answer-b What is the name of the cells that produce mucus in the intestinal epithelium? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Goblet cells b Intercalated cells c Mucoidal cells d Fibroblasts - answer-a What is the job of a channel protein? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a To allow the passage of proteins through the membrane b To allow air into the cell c To allow the passage of glucose through the membrane d To allow the passage of ions through the membrane - answer-d Which metabolic process produces the most ATP? a Aerobic respiration b Anaerobic respiration c Lactic acid formation d Gluconeogenesis - answer-a The 4 types of tissue are... Select all that apply a Epithelial b Connective c Heart d Cardiac e Nervous f Smooth g Muscle - answer-a, b, e, g Which of the following are the functions of the protein? a Defense b Protection c Structure d Catalyst e Signaling - answer-a, c, d, e What is not a function of an enzyme? a Optimal function occurs during a pH of 6-8 b It lowers the activation energy c The enzyme speeds up the reaction d The enzyme gets consumed in the reaction - answer-d What cannot pass through the lipid bilayer? a Steroids and Fatty acids b Small hydrophobic molecules c Ions d Small uncharged polar molecules - answer-c The cell that produces mucus in the intestinal epithelium and PCCE of the trachea are called? a Golgi cells b Melanocytes c Goblet cells d Enterocytes - answer-c All of the following are true of the skeletal muscle except...? a Made of myocytes b Involuntary c Multinucleated d Voluntary e Striated - answer-b Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands? a Goes into the ECF b An example is saliva c Can go onto a surface - answer-a Function of the ECM includes... Select all that apply a Flexible b Transports substance c Resists forces d Connects cells e Secretes cells - answer-a, c, d In connective tissue, the ground substance is made out of? a Both collagen and elastic fibers b Different cells depending on the tissue c Only collagen cells d Only elastin cells e Depends on the tissue, mainly water and polysaccharides - answer-e Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcription a DNA polymerase b Poly-A-polymerase c RNA polymerase d Adenylyl cyclase - answer-c What type of cell junction do cadherins from one cell bind to cadherins from the other cell? a Tight junctions b Hemidesmosomes c Adherens d Desmosomes e Both B and C f Both C and D - answer-f How many introns are found in mature mRNA? a Depends b 1 c 2 d 3 e 0 - answer-b During cell division, which of the following is the function of the mitotic spindles? a To break apart the nuclear envelopes b To pull apart the chromosomes c Copy the DNA d To pinch the cytoplasm into two - answer-b What is the function of the dendrite? a Speeds up action potential b Releases neurotransmitters c Receives signals d Stores DNA - answer-c Gap junctions include all of the following statements except? a Fast communication b Transfer of small molecules and ions c Anchor cells to the basement membrane d "Little Tubes" called connexons - answer-c Where does cholesterol get synthesized in the cell? a Mitochondria b Rough endoplasmic reticulum c Smooth endoplasmic reticulum d Golgi - answer-c Which of the following is carried across the plasma membrane by carrier proteins? a Sodium b Amino acids c Glucose d All of the above e B and C - answer-d Which of the following is the purpose of aquaporins? a Water is not able to pass through the plasma membrane without the channels b Faster osmosis of water occurs c It keeps the cells in a hypertonic state to prevent the cell from breaking d Not sure why they are there - answer-b A transmembrane protein binds to the molecules, changes shape, and then transports the protein into the cell. What type of transmembrane protein is this? a Channel protein b Receptor protein c Protein pump d Carrier protein - answer-d During the elongation phase of translation what would you find in the P-site of the ribosome? a A tRNA with nothing attached to it b A tRNA with growing polypeptide chain attached c A tRNA with a single amino acid attached d A release factor protein - answer-b What is a gene that is constantly expressed and responsible for basic functions in the cell? a Inducible genes b Location genes c House-keeping genes d Enzymatic genes - answer-c Which of the following is the resting membrane potential of a muscle cell? a 0 b -90 mV c +90 mV d +30mV - answer-b Which of the following glands ruptures to excrete its substances? a Holocrine b Apocrine c Eccrine d Endocrine - answer-a What is added to the 5'end of the mRNA? a Modified guanine cap b Poly-A-tail c Intron d Exo - answer-a Which of the following junctions forms a tight seal between cells to not allow anything to pass through that is unwanted? a Gap junctions b Desmosomes c Tight junctions d Hemidesmosomes - answer-c Which term describes thin, flat cells? a Columnar b Stellate c Squamous d Cuboidal - answer-c Which substance would MOST easily pass through a phospholipid bilayer? a Alanine b O2 c Fructose d Hemoglobin - answer-b Which of the following is NOT a function of integral membrane proteins? a Selective transport of ions b Cell identity c DNA copying d Cell-to-cell adhesion - answer-c Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme that _________. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Adds a phosphate group to a target protein b Adds adenosine nucleotide to the end of a growing DNA strand c Converts G proteins into ATP d Converts ATP to cAMP - answer-d What is the direction of osmosis when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? a High solute concentration → low solute concentration b Exterior of the cell → interior of the cell c Nucleus → cytoplasm d Interior of the cell → exterior of the cell - answer-b What type of transport uses either carrier proteins or channel proteins? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Active transport: facilitated diffusion b Passive transport: simple diffusion c Active transport: Primary active transport d Passive transport: facilitated diffusion - answer-d How many DNA molecules are there in the nucleus of 1 normal human body cell? a 46 b 23 c 1 d 22 - answer-a Where are proteins synthesized? a In the nucleus b In the cytoplasm c In the smooth ER d In the lysosomes e On the surface of the plasma membrane - answer-b Where would you find an anticodon? a In mRNA b As part of a ribosome c In tRNA d As part of an amino acid - answer-c In the cytosol, an amino acid is covalently linked to its appropriate tRNA by a An enzyme b The ribosome c mRNA d The anticodon - answer-a Hemoglobin is only expressed in red blood cells. That means that hemoglobin genes are NOT found in any other part of the body. a True b False - answer-b What is the name of the enzyme that synthesizes DNA during replication? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a DNA helicase b Adenylyl cyclase c DNA kinase d DNA polymerase e RNA polymerase - answer-d Which tissue type has the most ECM? a connective b epithelial c nervous d muscle e cardiac - answer-a Goblet cells are mucus cells. a True b False - answer-b Where is the nucleus of a neuron located? a The neurosoma b The neuroglia c The axon d The dendrite - answer-a What type of cell junction creates a seal between cells? a Desomosomes b Hemidesmosomes c Tight junctions d Adherens junctions e Gap junctions f Junctions of Tupper - answer-c