Kin 310 Final Exam Questions And Answers (Updated And Verified)

Kin 310 Final Exam Questions And Answers (Updated And Verified) Objective reasoning - answernot influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice; based on facts; unbiased: an objective opinion Subjective reasoning - answerexisting in the mind; belonging to the thinking subject rather than to the object of thought (opinion) Ex: I think, I believe, I consider Statistics - answerthe science of learning from data, and of measuring, controlling, and communicating uncertainty; and it thereby provides the navigation essential for controlling the course of scientific and societal advances Descriptive statistics - answermethod used to report a data set in summarized form. Data is used only for descriptive purpose and are not employed in making predictions (central tendency and variability) Inferential Statistics - answermathematical approach to deducing the probability of the occurrence of a characteristic in a population based on the measured characteristic of a sample Statistic - answerrefers to a characteristic of a sample, such as an average score Parameter - answerrefers to a characteristic of a population Nominal Scale (categorical data) - answerValues assigned to variables represent a descriptive category, but no inherent numerical value with respect to magnitude • Simplest level of measurement • Permits comparison only between sameness or difference • Can be thought of as a classification scale • Examples: Gender, smoking status, fitness level Ordinal Scale - answerhas the property of both identity and magnitude. Each value on the ordinal scale has a unique meaning, and it has an ordered relationship to every other value on the scale •Adds a second level of information not present with nominal scale •An indication of rank-order among scores •Permits orders of subjects/scores as well as sameness/difference •Allows for comparisons, but does not quantify •Examples: Sport standings, Weather comparisons between days Interval Scale - answerhas the properties of identity, magnitude, and equal intervals, but does not have a minimum value of 0, so ration comparisons between scores are not allowed •Contains information on interval width and order o But score of 0 does not represent complete absence of value, even if there is a 0 score it is arbitrary Example: Fahrenheit scale to measure temperature, examinations Ratio Scale - answersatisfies all four of the properties of measurement: identity, magnitude, equal intervals, and a minimum value of zero •Contains most information of all measurement scales •Ratio scale must have a true 0 • Examples: Weight, volume, distance, time central tendency - answera single score that best represents all of the scores three measures of central tendency - answerMode: Nominal •The value of the most frequently occurring score •Cannot be computed if numbers all occur with the same frequency Is a crude measurement that has little meaning unless distribution number is large three measures of central tendency - answerMedian: Ordinal •The point on the score scale below and above which 50% of the scores fall •Indication of ordinal position •Is determined by location the middle point of the distribution •If data set has an even number of data points the median is the average of the two middle scores •Median is related to the position of the scores rather than the value of the scores