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Practice Exam for ASD 2024 Questions and Verified Answers

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Practice Exam for ASD 2024 Questions
and Verified Answers
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER--a continuum of
neurodevelopment impairments, specifically in the domains of social communication
and restricted and repetitive behaviour

-can be associated with intellectual disabilities, but not all have them

ASD population stats - CORRECT ANSWER--1 in 68
-1-2% of worlds population

Prevalence of ASD Increasing - CORRECT ANSWER--not sure why
-could be due to awareness, willingness to disclose, the way we collect information,
diagnosis, criteria or ASD is just more broad now

Autism Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER--typical symptoms can occur as early as
6-12 months (diagnosis usually at 18 months)
-12-24 months, symptoms may improve or regress
-25%-75% of children with autism have intellectual delays
-access to service is based on absence/presence of intellectual disability

Leo Kanner - CORRECT ANSWER--published book in 1943
-first account of autistic disturbances
-found there was a lack of emotional contact, resistance to change, rote memory and
visual/spatial skills
-first medical model considered it a physical illness
-originally suggested it was due to relationship between kid and mother (treatment for
mothers)

Before Leo Kanner - CORRECT ANSWER--possible diagnosis' for ASD

psychoanalysts: a neurotic condition caused by maladaptive maternal relationships

-learned behaviour

Hans Asperger - CORRECT ANSWER--Hans Asperger was writing about Aspergers
disorder, and characteristics overlapped
-autistic psychopathy, little professors, intense absorption in special interest
-came to north america 40 years later

Asperger Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER--not always delay in language/development
in language
-monotone

,-affects more boys than girls
-repetitive routines
-socially emotionally inappropriate behaviour and unsuccessful peer interaction
-cognitive ability in normal range

Moving to Medical Model - CORRECT ANSWER--started looking at brain abnormalities,
wanted to see which area of the brain was affected
-able to link ASD to mothers or rubella (similar virus)
-1980 was first autism distinct condition

Pervasive Development Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER--childhood disintegrative
disorder
-retts disorder

all include:
-only feeling simple emotions
-sensory/perceptual processing, either over sensitive or have low sensitivity
-impaired motor skills

Autism & Language - CORRECT ANSWER--low functioning autism: little or no use of
understanding speech, may have grammar difficulties
-high functioning autism: normal language

Diagnosis of ASD - CORRECT ANSWER--involves in-depth gathering of information
-direct observation and interaction
-no clear boundary, hard to diagnose
-benefits of age of onset, family history, genetic research

Difference in ASD Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER--more common in males (low-
functioning, 4:1 and high-functioning, 6:1)
-little evidence (but some have attempted) to explain difference in geography/race/social
class

Reasons Why Diagnosis is Useful - CORRECT ANSWER--make treatment decisions
-understanding the condition
-helps others understand
-justifies behaviour under public scrutiny
-access to services, creation of services
-comparison groups in research

Reasons Against Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER--stigma
-barriers in social situations and independence
-abuse of diagnosis

Why Clinicians Must be Careful with Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER--although early
detection is important, don't want to cause family anxiety

, -all children develop differently
-with older individuals, having the diagnoses will help with support, intervention, and self
understanding

Types of Diagnosis Assessments - CORRECT ANSWER--educational assessments
-medical assessments
-curricular assessments
-language assessments

Stages of Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER--parents notice something, unusual parents
brings concern to doctor (performs MCHAT, list of questions) referred to paediatrician
-completes diagnostic assessment and/or..
-refers client to clinical psychologist for diagnostic assessment and/or...
-refers client to SLP (for language) and/or...
-refers to audiologist

Older Individuals with ASD - CORRECT ANSWER--more commonly gets overlooked or
misdiagnoses with mental health problems
-once start in school get flagged by psycho-educational consultants
-take concerns to family doctor, referred to clinical psychologist

Professionals Included in ASD Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER--psychiatrist
-psychologist
-paediatrician
-physician

Challenges of Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER--features of ASD and features of
developmental disability or condition may be co-existing
-knowledge of typical development changes in many areas and variation in these
changes
-difficult recognizing symptoms
-behaviour can vary depending on the environment/people present
-no biomarkers to identify ASD, only clinical judgment

M-CHAT-R - CORRECT ANSWER-modified checklist for autism in toddlers

-type of ASD screening
-designed to detect core features of autism as early as 18 mo
-failure on 3 key items = at risk of autism
-designed to be used as step to formal referral

Brigance Inventory of Early Development - CORRECT ANSWER--type of ASD
screening
-designed to measure overall informal assessment of development in variety of areas
(speech, pre-academics, comprehension)

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