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Samenvatting micro + macro economie tot H6 ( 1BEM Artevelde 2024)
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samenvatting micro volledig + macro economie tot H6
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Inhoud0) Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................5
0.1. Het doel van de economische wetenschap.................................................................................5
0.1.1. Behoefte...............................................................................................................................5
0.1.2. Schaarse middelen...............................................................................................................5
0.1.3. Nuttigheid en keuzeprobleem..............................................................................................5
0.2. Welvaart en welzijn.....................................................................................................................5
0.3. Soorten goederen.......................................................................................................................6
0.4. Consumptie en productie............................................................................................................7
0.5. De methode................................................................................................................................7
0.6. De ceteris-paribusclausule..........................................................................................................8
0.7. Micro-, meso- en macro-economie.............................................................................................8
1) Consumenten....................................................................................................................................9
1.1. De keuze van de optimale goederencombinatie (=evenwicht van de consument).....................9
1.1.1. De preferenties....................................................................................................................9
1.1.2. Budget en prijzen...............................................................................................................10
1.2. De prijsvraagcurve (kortweg vraagcurve) p 19..........................................................................10
1.2.1. De afleiding van de individuele vraagcurve p19.................................................................10
1.2.2. Een beweging langs de individuele vraagcurve p 21..........................................................11
1.2.3. Verschuivingen van de individuele vraagcurven p 21 – p 25 in het midden.......................11
1.2.4. De collectieve of marktvraagcurve.....................................................................................11
1.3. De elasticiteit van de vraag.......................................................................................................12
1.3.1. De prijselasticiteit van de vraag.........................................................................................12
1.3.2. De kruiselingse prijselasticiteit van de vraag......................................................................15
1.3.3. De inkomenselasticiteit van de vraag.................................................................................16
2) H2: producenten..............................................................................................................................19
2.1. Bepaling van de optimale productiegrootte..............................................................................19
2.2. De wet van de toe- en afnemende meeropbrengst..................................................................20
2.3. Het kostenverloop.....................................................................................................................22
2.3.1. De totale constante kosten................................................................................................23
2.3.2. De totale variabele kosten.................................................................................................23
2.3.3. De totale kosten.................................................................................................................24
2.3.4. De gemiddelde en marginale kosten..................................................................................24
2.4. Het opbrengstenverloop bij volkomen concurrentie.................................................................26
2.5. De optimale productiegrootte bij volkomen concurrentie (=evenwicht van de producent)......27
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, 2.6. De afleiding van de aanbodcurve bij volkomen concurrentie...................................................30
2.6.1. De individuele aanbodcurve..............................................................................................30
2.6.2. Een beweging langs de individuele aanbodcurve...............................................................32
2.6.3. Verschuivingen van de individuele aanbodcurve...............................................................32
2.6.4. De collectieve of marktaanbodcurve..................................................................................33
2.7. De breakevenanalyse................................................................................................................33
2.8. De prijselasticiteit van het aanbod............................................................................................35
3) Prijsvorming.....................................................................................................................................37
3.1. Markt en marktvorming............................................................................................................37
3.2. De volkomen concurrentie........................................................................................................38
3.2.1. Kenmerken.........................................................................................................................38
3.2.2. Het marktevenwicht bij volkomen concurrentie................................................................38
3.2.3. Niet....................................................................................................................................39
3.2.4. Ingrijpen van de overheid in prijsvorming..........................................................................39
3.3. De onvolkomen concurrentie....................................................................................................40
3.3.1. Het monopolie...................................................................................................................40
3.3.2. Het oligopolie.....................................................................................................................42
3.3.3. De monopolistische concurrentie......................................................................................43
3.4. Niet...........................................................................................................................................43
4) Macro-economische grootheden....................................................................................................44
4.1. De economische kringloop........................................................................................................44
4.2. Berekening van de economische activiteit................................................................................45
4.2.1. Bruto en netto....................................................................................................................45
4.2.2. ‘Tegen marktprijzen’ en ‘tegen factorprijzen’.....................................................................49
4.2.3. Nationaal en binnenlands..................................................................................................52
4.3. Reële en nominale bbp.............................................................................................................53
4.4. Het bbp als maatstaf voor onze welvaart..................................................................................54
5) H5: conjunctuur, groei en ontwikkeling...........................................................................................56
5.1. De conjunctuur.........................................................................................................................56
5.1.1. Beschrijving........................................................................................................................56
5.1.2. Niet....................................................................................................................................58
5.1.3. De conjunctuurpolitiek.......................................................................................................58
5.2. De economische groei...............................................................................................................58
5.2.1. Begrip.................................................................................................................................58
5.2.2. Determinanten van de groeibeweging...............................................................................58
5.2.3. De voor- en nadelen van economische groei.....................................................................59
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, 5.3. Ontwikkeling.............................................................................................................................59
5.3.1. Inkomen als ontwikkelingsmaatstaf...................................................................................60
5.3.2. Alternatieve maatstaven van maatschappelijk welzijn.......................................................61
6) Nationaal inkomen en werkgelegenheid.........................................................................................62
6.1. NIET...........................................................................................................................................62
6.2. De arbeidsmarkt.......................................................................................................................62
6.2.1. Aanbod van arbeidskrachten.............................................................................................62
6.2.2. Vraag naar arbeidskrachten...............................................................................................64
6.2.3. Werkloosheid over periode 2016-2022..............................................................................65
6.2.4. De werkloosheid: soorten en oorzaken..............................................................................66
6.2.5. Bestrijding van werkloosheid.............................................................................................67
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2
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