Brain and Behavior Key PASSED Questions and CORRECT Answers

Brain and Behavior Key PASSED Questions and CORRECT Answers Acetylcholine(a ch)✔✔✔ Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles. Contributed to the regulation of muscle action, attention, learning, memory and arousal. Dome ACH receptors are stimulated bu nicotine. Dopamine(DA) ✔✔✔ Contributes to the control of voluntary mo vement. Influences learning, attention and emotion. Cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at DA synapses. Dopamine circuits in medial for forebrain bundle characterized as reward pathway. Norepinephrine (NE) ✔✔✔ Contributed to modulation of alertness an d arousal(vigilance) as well as eating behavior. Cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at NE synapses l. Serotonin ✔✔✔ Involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, hunger and arousal. Prozac and similar antidepressant drugs affect serotonin circuits Gamm a-Amino Butyric acid ✔✔✔ Serves as a widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter, contributing to regulation of anxiety drugs work at GABA synapses Glutamate(Glu) ✔✔✔ Serves as a widely distributed excitatory neurotransmitter. Involved in learning and memory Endorphins ✔✔✔ Resemble opiate drugs in structure and effects. Play role in pain relief and response to stress. Contribute to regulation of eating behavior. Terminal button ✔✔✔ Small knobs that secrets chemical called neurotra nsmitters (chemical messenger) Myelin sheath ✔✔✔ Fatty substance produced by certain glial cells: encases axon help insulate and speed the neutral impulse Node of ranvier ✔✔✔ Acid in Greek. Tube like structure that carries the neutral message away from the s oma and to the other: cells on (neurons) Soma✔✔✔ Body in Greek cell body, contain nucleus Nucleus✔✔✔ Nut in Latin. Consists of DNA which contains the cell history the basic information to manufacture all the protein characteristics of the cell Dendrites ✔✔✔Tree in Greek branchlike structures that receive information from other neuron neurotransmitters ✔✔✔ a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next transmit information. Excitatory Effect ✔✔✔ A neurotransmitter effect that makes it more likely the receiving neuron will generate an action potential. Inhibitory Effect ✔✔✔ A neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely the receiving neuron will generate an action potential. Agonist (ACTS Like) ✔✔✔ Chemical substances that mi mic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell. Increase or decrease the activity of cell on the effect of the original neurotransmitter. Antagonist ✔✔✔ Chemical substances that block or reduce a cell's response to t he action of the other chemical or neurotransmitters. Reuptake ✔✔✔ Neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into sending neurons through the process of reuptake. This process applies the breaks on neurotransmitter action.