Summary
Hunt, samenvatting tijdvak 1
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Een samenvatting van Lynn Hunt, The Making of The West. Deze stof wordt gebruikt voor tijdvak 1: Tijd van Jagers en Boeren.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
The making of the west samenvatting tijdvak 10
1 review
By: deniz_tilburg • 5 year ago
Seller
Follow
JeskeBouma
Reviews received
Content preview
Hunt, tijdvak 1Chapter 1 Early Western Civilization Bladzijde 3 - 26
Kings in ancient Egypt believed the gods judged them in the afterlife. Civilization first emerged
around 4000 – 3000 B.C.E. in cities in Mesopotamia. Historians define civilization as a way of life
based on agriculture and trade with cities containing large buildings for religion and government.
The formation of civilization produced intended and unintended consequences. The spread of
metallurgy, for example, created better tools and weapon but also increasing pre-existing social
hierarchy (ranking people as superiors of inferiors).
From the Stone Age to Mesopotamian Civilization, 400000 – 1000 B.C.E.
People in the Stone Age developed patters of life, the most significant of those developments were
(1) the evolution of hierarchy in society and (2) the invention of agriculture and the domestication of
animals.
Life and Change in the Stone Age
Anthropologists call this time the Stone Age because people made tools and weapons from stone as
well as from bone and wood. The Stone Age is divided in two parts (1) the Palaeolithic (Old Stone)
and the Neolithic (New Stone). Object from distant regions found in burials show that hunter-
gatherer bands traded with one another.
Hierarchy probably began when men acquired prestige from bringing back meat after long hunts and
from fighting in wars.
Historians call agriculture and the domestication of animals the “farming package”: this package
created the Neolithic Revolution.
The Neolithic Revolution generated more hierarchy because positions of authority were needed to
allow some people to supervise the complex irrigation system that supported agricultural surpluses,
and because greater economic activity created a stricter division of labor by gender.
The Emergence of Cities in Mesopotamia, 4000 – 2350 B.C.E.
The need to construct and maintain a system of irrigation canals in turn led to the centralization of
authority in Mesopotamian cities, which controlled the farmland and irrigation systems outside their
fortified walls. This political arrangement is called a city-state.
The invention of the wheel for use on transport wagons around 3000 B.C.E. strengthened the
Mesopotamian economy.
Patriarchy – domination by men in political, social and economic life – already existed in
Mesopotamian citiy-states. The king formed a council of older man as his advisers, but he pubicly
acknowledged the gods as his rulers; this concept made the state a theocracy.
Today this form (the writing of the Sumerians) of writing is calles cuneiform (from cuneus, Latin for
“wedge”)
Metals and Empire Making: The Akkadians and the Ur III Dynasty, c. 2350 – c. 2000 B.C.E.
The ownership of metal objects strengthened visible status divisions in society between men and
women and rich and poor.
The desire to acquire metals led the kings of Akkad to create by force the world’s first empire (a
political state in which a single power rules formerly independent peoples).
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller JeskeBouma. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.04. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now