HLST 200: Nutrition|Latest Update Graded A+
simple carbohydrates
lactose in milk, fructose in fruit, and added sugars in candy.
essential nutrients
nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food
Six essential nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Macronutrients
nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that organisms must ingest in large amounts to
maintain health
Calories
Units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body
micronutrients
vitamins and minerals that are essential to the body in small amounts
Water makes up
60-70% of total body weight
water makes up ____ of blood
85%
Function of water in the body
(1) transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and cells
(2) facilitate cellular metabolism
(3) as a solvent for electrolytes
(4) to regulate body temperature
(5) aid in digestion and elimination
(6) as a tissue lubricant
basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Protein
Critical for growth and repair; form the basic framework for our muscles, bones, blood, hair, and nails.
4 calories per gram. Made up of 20 amino acids
Amino acids
building blocks of proteins
, complete proteins
Proteins containing all the essential amino acids; found only in soy and animal foods (meats and dairy
products)
incomplete proteins
Proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids; found in plant sources such as
nuts and legumes
complementary proteins
low quality proteins combined to provide adequate levels of essential amino acids
Carbohydrates
organic compounds that provide our brain and body with glucose.
only carbohydrate dependent organ
the brain
Monnosaccharide
simple sugar molecule (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Disaccharide
A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. (sucrose, lactose,
maltose)
Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrate)
have more than 10 units of sugar, must be broken down to be used. (starches and glycogen)
Two forms of a complex carbohydrate
Fibre and starches
dietary fiber
nondigestible carbohydrates occurring in plants such as leaves, stems, seeds.
functional fiber
nondigestible carbohydrates either isolated from natural sources or synthesized; these may be added
to foods and dietary supplements
total fiber
the total amount of dietary fiber and functional fiber in the diet
fats
carry fat-soluble vitamins that aid in absorption in the intestine, protect organs from injury, regulate
body temp & growth and development
simple carbohydrates
lactose in milk, fructose in fruit, and added sugars in candy.
essential nutrients
nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food
Six essential nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Macronutrients
nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that organisms must ingest in large amounts to
maintain health
Calories
Units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body
micronutrients
vitamins and minerals that are essential to the body in small amounts
Water makes up
60-70% of total body weight
water makes up ____ of blood
85%
Function of water in the body
(1) transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and cells
(2) facilitate cellular metabolism
(3) as a solvent for electrolytes
(4) to regulate body temperature
(5) aid in digestion and elimination
(6) as a tissue lubricant
basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Protein
Critical for growth and repair; form the basic framework for our muscles, bones, blood, hair, and nails.
4 calories per gram. Made up of 20 amino acids
Amino acids
building blocks of proteins
, complete proteins
Proteins containing all the essential amino acids; found only in soy and animal foods (meats and dairy
products)
incomplete proteins
Proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids; found in plant sources such as
nuts and legumes
complementary proteins
low quality proteins combined to provide adequate levels of essential amino acids
Carbohydrates
organic compounds that provide our brain and body with glucose.
only carbohydrate dependent organ
the brain
Monnosaccharide
simple sugar molecule (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Disaccharide
A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. (sucrose, lactose,
maltose)
Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrate)
have more than 10 units of sugar, must be broken down to be used. (starches and glycogen)
Two forms of a complex carbohydrate
Fibre and starches
dietary fiber
nondigestible carbohydrates occurring in plants such as leaves, stems, seeds.
functional fiber
nondigestible carbohydrates either isolated from natural sources or synthesized; these may be added
to foods and dietary supplements
total fiber
the total amount of dietary fiber and functional fiber in the diet
fats
carry fat-soluble vitamins that aid in absorption in the intestine, protect organs from injury, regulate
body temp & growth and development
