NCE + CPCE 962 Combined Questions and Verified Answers 2024 Update
________ was a university professor in the late 19th and early 20th century who was an advocate for the career guidance movement and wrote several books about the importance of vocational counseling. In 1909, ______ most well-known book, Choosing a Vocation, was published posthumously and outlined the trait-factor theory of career development. - Correct answer Frank Parsons
The first stage of ______ consists of developing trust between counselor and client, with the result being a better understanding of the problems the client has in terms of career decisions. - Correct answer Career Counseling
Within the career counseling process there are several steps: [6] - Correct answer 1. Establishing a relationship. 2. Identifying the problem. 3. Conducting an assessment. 4. Providing information.
5. Making a decision. 6. Implementing the plan.
Much like in counseling practice, issues of confidentiality arise in research as well. Only ______ gathering data should have access to information obtained on subjects during the study. Information gathered during studies should only be released to others with the written consent of the subjects. - Correct answer Researchers and research assistants
________ was passed in 1972 as part of the educational amendments, and bans sex discrimination in K-12 schools and colleges. While _______ technically applies to both academics and athletics, the focus has mostly been on giving women equal opportunities with men in sports, and giving women the same proportion of participation in athletic opportunities as men have. - Correct answer Title IX
Researchers might apply a test after the analysis of variance is calculated (post hoc) if it is unclear as to which mean scores are significantly different from each other. Post hoc tests that may be able to clarify this problem include ___________. [4] - Correct answer 1. Schaffer’s method
2. Turkey’s HSD
3. Newman-Keels
4. Duncan's new multiple range test
Researchers might apply a test after the analysis of variance is calculated. - Correct answer Post Hoc
The ___________ test is a nonparametric measure used when scores collected from two independent samples do not follow normal distributions. - Correct answer Mann-Whitney U
A needs assessment is an important element of program planning, as it defines the differences between what currently exists and what is needed or desired to change the situation. When collecting data, random sampling should be used when possible in order to obtain an accurate representation of needs. P a g e 1 | 93 This ensures that the data is _______ and can be applied to the broader system. - Correct answer Valid
There are four levels of measurement: [4] - Correct answer 1. Nominal
2. Ordinal 3. Interval
4. Ratio
________ refers to numbers that represent categories or qualities of the variable, such as race, gender, and age. Nonparametric statistical measures, which are often used with descriptive data, should be used with nominal data. - Correct answer Nominal data
________________ Measures, which are often used with descriptive data, should be used with nominal data. - Correct answer Nonparametric statistical
Proponents of ____________ believe that career development results from constant interaction between the individual, the environment, and the dynamics between individual and environment. From a __________ standpoint, the goal of career counseling is for the individual to make sense of his or her situation. - Correct answer Contextualize
__________ assert that individuals cannot be separated from their environments and that reality is created by individuals' perceptions and ways of organizing information. - Correct answer Contextualizes
________ Model of consultation in counseling is a mental health consultation model. In ________ model, two professionals discuss issues specific to mental health diagnoses, such as eating disorders, and treatment. The center of discussion can be an individual client or family, the consulted and the client, treatment or a specific program, or the consulted and administration. - Correct answer Kaplan’s
Irvin Yalow is known for his contributions to group counseling theory. He identified four stages: [4]
"Storming" is the second group stage in a theory identified by Tuchman, not Yalow. - Correct
answer 1. Orientation
2. Conflict
3. Cohesion
4. Termination.
Any individual who threatens to kill himself or herself should be taken seriously, even if those
close to the individual do not think he or she would actually follow through. The counselor should certainly tell the student's parents about the suicidal statement and arrange a meeting between the student and teacher to discuss the incident. However, before doing anything else the counselor should perform a ___________ to determine whether there is imminent danger to the student. If the counselor determines that the student is actively suicidal, then measures should be taken to ensure his safety, such as hospitalization. - Correct answer Risk assessment
P a g e 2 | 93 Career counselors must be sensitive to clients' backgrounds and cultural norms. Although the client may not have any values in common with other Asian individuals, it is worthwhile for the counselor to _______________ guide the direction as he or she assists the client. - Correct answer Explore the client's personal values
______________ Counseling is often appealing to multicultural clients because of the strong
focus on family dynamics and, for some, the formality of the therapist which may appeal to the client's expectation of professional distance. - Correct answer Psychoanalytical
_____________ also emphasizes conceptual relativity and a lack of assumption, which may appeal to multicultural clients as well. While some multicultural clients have childhood trauma, this certainly does not apply to all or
even most of these clients. - Correct answer Psychoanalysis
______________ was a Swiss psychologist and developmental theorist known for his theory
of cognitive development. His theory is based on the belief that children learn best through interactions with others, and
it breaks down human development into sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages. - Correct answer Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget Human Development Stages [4] - Correct answer 1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operational Stages.
__________ is best known for his development of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory. - Correct answer Sigmund Freud
__________ is notable for his development of attachment theory and a focus on relationships in early childhood. - Correct answer John Bowlby
__________ created the eight stages of psychosocial development, based on the idea that individuals experience specific types of tension in different stages of life. - Correct answer Erik Erikson
______________ refers to times when, for many different reasons, one end of a distribution of scores has more variability than the other end, resulting in a fan-like appearance. - Correct answer Heteroscedasticity
____________ refers to times when scores are equally distributed throughout the range. - Correct answer Homoscedasticity
___________ occurs in families that have diffuse boundaries and the separation between family members is unclear. In this example, the mother and son have difficulty distinguishing themselves from one another, which seems to be a significant barrier to the marital relationship and the father-son
relationship. The counselor can urge the mother to encourage her son to be more independent and to express his own feelings, opinions, and beliefs without fear of judgment. - Correct answer Enmeshment
Sometimes researchers use __________ as a technique to collect data on specific types of behaviors. P a g e 3 | 93 The data is then recorded using coding systems, record forms, and/or schedules. An example of this is a behavioral flow sheet, in which the recorder documents certain behaviors that occur within a specific time frame, such as every hour. - Correct answer Observation
There are ethical issues in testing that counselors must consider. Tests and assessments carry the possibility of being biased toward certain groups of people,
usually the majority group, and require training in order to select and interpret. With the increase in the use of computers in testing, confidentiality is becoming more of an issue in that test results should be kept private unless the test taker _____________. Ideally, test scores should also only be released to professionals who can competently interpret them. - Correct answer Agrees to release scores and reports.
There are many advantages to group counseling, including ___________. [3]
In addition, group norms develop over time, providing members a chance to practice their skills in a subset of the "real" world. - Correct answer 1. The opportunity to experience social support, peer confrontation, and new behaviors.
2. Having a safe place to practice new skills.
3. Getting exposure to an experience that more nearly replicates the participants' everyday world.
The _____________ refers to the idea that a collection of restraints in the workplace historically have prevented women from moving up the career ladder in organizations. These restraints include childcare duties, stereotypes of women's cognitive abilities, and other factors. - Correct answer "Glass Ceiling"
_______ was a strong proponent of the collective unconscious, which has developed in the human species over time and contains archetypes for humans' intense emotional responses.
- Correct answer Carl Jung
Goals of Jungian therapy include getting to know oneself, integration of self, and transformation of self. Jung introduced the concepts of introversion and extraversion, both of which are measured on the ___________________. - Correct answer Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
A ____________ uses points or other types of reinforcements to reward individuals who exhibit desired behaviors. These points can then be used to purchase goods and privileges. - Correct answer Token Economy
Counseling program management is similar to other management positions in that it requires
a specialized set of skills. These include _________ [1], which refers to assessment of the current state of the program
and how it might look different in the future; _____________________. [6] - Correct answer 1. Strategic Planning
2. Program Design and Development; 3. Budgeting; 4. Personnel management; 5. Supervision; 6. Evaluation. 7. Marketing and Public Relations.
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