BIOD 151 Module 1-8 Exams Questions and Verified AnswersPortage Learning (GRADED A+

BIOD 151 Module 1-8 Exam s Questions and Verified Answers - Portage Learning (GRADED A+) Explain which digestive syst em functions are carried out by the small intestine. - ANSWER -Chemical digestion continues as enzymes from the pancreatic juices break down starches and proteins, and begin digestion of fat. Mechanical digestion continues as bile breaks down fat into small er pieces. Absorption begins as digested food molecules, water and fat are absorbed into the bloodstream. Explain the two main hormones that are responsible for hunger and satiety. - ANSWER -Leptin is produces by adipose tissue. It alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center in the brain and activate the satiety center when consuming a meal. Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and does the opposite. It travels to the brain and deactivates the satiety center. Ideally, work together to balance. 5 biochemic al materials needed by the body that are found in food - ANSWER -Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids that are needed in large amounts. Vitamins and minerals are also needed in small amounts. What are the two classes of carbohydrates and in what foods can ea ch be found? - ANSWER -Starches and sugars. Milk and fruits such as apples or peaches contain sugar, while grains such as wheat and vegetables such as potatoes contain starches. What are the three classes of lipids? - ANSWER -Saturated fats, unsaturated fat s and cholesterol What are the two classes of proteins and in what foods can each be found? - ANSWER -Proteins can be categorized as complete or incomplete proteins. Examples of complete proteins are meat, poultry, eggs, milk or diary products, and soy bea ns. Examples of incomplete proteins are grains, legumes, seeds and nuts. What is the definition of an essential amino acid and how many are there for adults and where can they be found? - ANSWER -There are nine essential amino acids required in an adult di et. They are unable to be produced by the human body. Complete proteins contain all nine. What are the two classes of vitamins? How is a vitamin different from carbs, lipids or proteins? Why can ingestion of excessive amounts of one type be dangerous. - ANSWER -Two classes are water -soluble and fat -soluble. Vitamins are organic compounds that are not consumed in metabolic reactions but help enzymes carry them out to contribute nutrients to materials needed by the body. Fat -soluble vitamins can be stored in body fat and can be problematic if consumed in excess. List 2 ways in which minerals are different than carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. List seven minerals needed in the human diet and four foods which are food sources. - ANSWER -Minerals are inorganic compounds, unlike the others, and not used as fuel in metabolic reactions. Humans need: calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium and sulfur. Foods such as milk, some meats, legumes and vegetables are the best sources of minerals. anab olism - ANSWER -set of reactions that make larger molecules by combining smaller molecules. How is the energy released from the breakdown of glucose used by the body? - ANSWER -The energy is released during the breakdown of glucose is used by the body to ad d a phosphate to an ADP molecule and make ATP. Describe cellular respiration - ANSWER -During cellular respiration, glucose combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and ATP. Glycolysis - ANSWER -glucose is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecu les and two ATP molecules are formed Citric acid cycle or TCA cycle - ANSWER -the pyruvic acid product of glycolysis is converted to carbon dioxide forming some additional ATP