BKAT ICU Post Test |100% Correct Answers | Verified 2024 Version

Nitroprusside purpose - decreases preload and afterload by vasodilation (mainly afterload) Dobutamine mechanism of action - contractility Dopamine at a low-end dose "renal dose" - 0.5-4mcg/kg/min increases renal and mesentric perfusion Dopamine at a mid-range dose - 4-10mcg/kg/min increases contractility and heart rate Dopamine at a high-range dose - greater than 10mcg/kg/min vasoconstriction and increases BP Dopamine and Levophed infiltration - leads to tissue necrosis Dopamine antidote - regitine (phentolamine) TpA monitor for - bleeding-hemorrhagic CVA diltiazem (cardizem) works by? - (calcium channel blocker) slows ventricular rate by slowing conduction through the SA and AV node Diltazem (cardizem) biggest effect on which hemodynamic - hypotension diltazem is used for patients with - a-fib or a-flutteramiodarone (Cordarone) is a - antiarrythmic prolongs the cardiac duration You MUST use a __________ when using amiodarone infusion - 0.22 micron filter Watch out for ____________ in patients on a amiodarone infusion - hypotension, prolongation of QT interval and bradycardia amiodarone is used for patients with - a-fib, a-flutter and VT how much amiodarone is given to a stable VT with a pulse and a unstable pulseless VT/VF? - 150mg over 10min for VT with pulse 300mg push; repeat x1 at 150mg Epinephrine has what effect on the body? - increases HR, BP, and contractility what is the first line drug for pulseless arrest? - Epinephrine What rhythms are considered fatal? - V-fib, Vtach (pulseless), and asystole Epinephrine is also given for? - anaphylaxis and as a vasopressor for hypotension Heparin is used for? Antidote is? - anticoagulant Protamine Sulfate What is the osmotic diuretic of choice to decrease intracranial pressure? - mannitolHow does mannitol work? - pulls fluids into intravascular space to be excreted by the kidneys to reduce intracranial pressure what insulin is given IV? What is the peak? - Regular insulin can only be given IV 2-4 hr peak time Which insulin has a peak of 8-14 hrs? - NPH Atropine is ineffective in which heart rhythms types? - high degree AV blocks: 2nd degree type2 and 3rd degree Atropine works by? - increasing heart rate-increasing conduction through SA node Atropine is given to treat? - symptomatic bradycardia Dilantin is given to treat - seizure disorders DO NOT give __________ with dilantin because ________ will happen. - DO NOT give with dextrose containing solutions because it will crystalize Which corticosteroid is usually given in insufficient adrenal activity or hypersensitivity/inflammation reactions? - Cortisone If chronically using cortisone be sure to _____ to prevent _____. - If chronically using cortisone be sure to taper the medications to prevent acute adrenal insufficiency This medication is a cardiac glycoside that increases contractility. - DigoxinDigoxin increases contractility by - slowing the heart rate which decreases conduction through the AV node What should be monitored in patients taking Digoxin? - hypotension, bradycardia, and symptoms of toxicity Signs/Symptoms of Digoxin toxicity - nausea, yellow vision/halo, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT with block). True/Flase: Digoxin WILL NOT cause rapid AV conduction or hypertension - True what medication is a antiarrhythmic that suppresses automaticity and depolarization? - lidocaine Lidocaine is used to treat? - ventricular dysrhythmias lidocaine toxicity sign - mental confusion/change in LOC Monitor serum levels with _________ - Lidocaine DO NOT give _______ medications to patients with suppressed respirations - Narcotics (morphine, dilaudid) What changes on a EKG would you expect to see on a patient with a acute MI? - ST elevation normal QRS: Prolonged QRS indicates: - 0.12 seconds is normal QRS prolonged QRS indicates intraventricular conduction defect, typically a bundle branch blockDistinguishing V-fib - fibrillatory waves with no recognizable pattern Defib the Vfib Distinguishing V-Tach - atrial rhythm and rate cannot be identified "Tombstones" First degree block interpretation - looks like sinus rhythm but the PR is longer than normal. there will be 1 p for every qrs, but the PR interval will be greater than 0.20 sec Type 1 second degree block interpretation - "Wenckebach" "Longer, Longer... drop" prolonged PR intervals and the missing QRS Type 2 second degree block interpretation - PR interval is constant...QRS is missing "2 small p waves right after each other" give atropine, dopamine, or epi to increase HR is symptomatic bradycardic Third degree AV block interpretation -