TEST BANK FOR Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care. by Brian K. Walsh 6th Edition All Chapters| 100% Verified Answers| 2024/2025|978-0323793094
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TEST BANK
Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care
Brian Walsh
6th Edition
9780323793094
,Table of content
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
Chapter 4. Respiratory Care in Pregnancy
Chapter 5. Examination and Assessment
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment of the Neonate
Chapter 7. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis of the Neonate
Chapter 8. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal Care
Chapter 9. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
Chapter 10. Surgical Disorders in the Neonate That Affect Respiratory Care
Chapter 11. Congenital Cardiac Defects
Chapter 12. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Chapter 13. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
Chapter 14. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate
Chapter 15. Examination and Assessment of the Pediatric Patient
Chapter 16. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 17. Radiographic Assessment of the Child
Chapter 18. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
Chapter 19. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring of the Child
Chapter 20. Noninvasive Monitoring in Pediatric Care
Chapter 21. Surgical Disorders in Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care
Chapter 22. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chapter 23. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
Chapter 24. Asthma
Chapter 25. Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 26. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Chapter 27. Shock
Chapter 28. Pediatric Trauma
Chapter 29. Disorders of the Pleura
Chapter 30. Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders
Chapter 31. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child
Chapter 32. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child
Chapter 33. Oxygen Administration
Chapter 34. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
Chapter 35. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
Chapter 36. Airway Management
Chapter 37. Administration of Gas Mixtures
Chapter 38. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Chapter 39. Pharmacology
Chapter 40. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
Chapter 41. Transport of Infants and Children
Chapter 42. Home Care
,Chapter 01: Fetal Lung Development
Walsh: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
of a capillary network around airway passages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 to 26
weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channels, or
capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages.
During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system
develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which
takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that
later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage
is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
be present in the lungs for life develop?
a. 6 months
b. 1 year
c. 2 years
d. 3 years
ANS: C
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 2 years of life. At
2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of
age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli
continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A
, The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or
stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an
abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can
develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase
(i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately
developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar
type II cells, give rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress
syndrome.
4. Which of the following mechanisms are responsible for the possible association between
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall
III. Interference with fetal breathing
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
a. I and III only
b. II and III only
c. I, II, and IV only
d. II, III, and IV only
ANS: D
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time,
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by
which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for
reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall,
interference with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and
experimental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a
major growth stimulant.
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
b. To reduce surface tension
c. To maintain lung elasticity
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
ANS: B
The primary role of mammalian surfactant is to lower the surface tension within the alveolus,
specifically at the air–liquid interface. This allows the delicate structure of the alveolus to
expand when filled with air. Without surfactant, the alveolus remains collapsed because of the
high surface tension of the moist alveolar surface. Surfactant is composed predominantly of
an intricate blend of phospholipids, neutral lipids, and proteins.
6. Which of the following tests of the amniotic fluid have been shown to be sensitive indicators
of lung maturity?
a. Levels of prednisone
b. Levels of epidermal growth factor
c. Levels of prostaglandins
d. Levels of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine
ANS: D
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