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Geschiedenis internationale politiek, samenvatting
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InhoudLes 3: De oosterse kwestie..........................................................................9
De oosterse kwestie..................................................................................9
De Griekse opstand...............................................................................9
De eerste Ottomaans-Egyptische opstand..........................................11
De conventie van zeestraten...............................................................12
Les 4: Europa rond 1848, revolutie en restauratie.....................................13
Lente der volkeren..................................................................................13
Frankrijk: Februarirevolutie Parijs.........................................................13
Duitsland..............................................................................................13
Oostenrijk en Italië...............................................................................14
De Krim crisis en Oorlog (1852-1856).....................................................15
Aanleiding............................................................................................15
Verloop.................................................................................................15
1854-56: zware oorlog.........................................................................15
Verdrag van Parijs (stop Krimoorlog) 1856..........................................15
Evaluatie Krimoorlog:...........................................................................16
Les 5: Italiaanse en Duitse eenwording......................................................17
Diplomatieke en militaire turbulentie vanaf 1851...................................17
De Italiaanse eenwording.......................................................................17
Overeenkomst van Plombières (Juli 1858)..............................................17
Frans-Oostenrijkse oorlog (1859)............................................................18
Verovering van de Mezzogiorni...............................................................18
Verovering door Garibaldi.......................................................................18
Uitslag..................................................................................................19
De Duitse eenmaking..............................................................................19
Pruisen 1815-1862...............................................................................19
Otto Von Bismarck...............................................................................19
Eenmaking in 3 fases...........................................................................19
Eindresultaat...........................................................................................21
Les 6: Europa en de politiek van Bismarck.................................................22
, Bismarck.................................................................................................22
Driekeizersbond......................................................................................22
De grote oosterse crisis..........................................................................23
Eerste Bismarck-systeem........................................................................23
Tweede Bismarck systeem......................................................................24
Les 7: het (nieuwe) imperialisme...............................................................24
Imperialisme en nieuw imperialisme......................................................24
Oorzaken van het nieuwe imperialisme (1880-1914)..........................25
Arabische wereld.....................................................................................26
Ottomaanse rijk 1815-914...................................................................26
Noord-Afrika.........................................................................................26
Levant, Irak, Arabisch schiereiland......................................................27
Sub-Sahara-Afrika...................................................................................27
Scramble for africa (1880-1914)..........................................................27
Sub-Sahara-Afrika................................................................................27
Azië.........................................................................................................28
Brits-Indië en Zuidoost-Azië.................................................................28
Great Game in Azië..............................................................................28
Japan....................................................................................................28
Break-up of China................................................................................29
Amerika...................................................................................................29
Informeel Imperialisme........................................................................29
Mexico..................................................................................................30
VS-Imperialisme...................................................................................30
Les 8: De vorming van twee blokken.........................................................31
Imperialisme...........................................................................................31
Nationalisme...........................................................................................31
Militarisme..............................................................................................31
Einde Bismarck systeem.........................................................................31
Duitse weltpolitik....................................................................................32
Duitse Vlootpolitiek.................................................................................32
Spoorlijn Berlijn Bagdad..........................................................................32
Gevolgen weltpolitik...............................................................................32
, Brits-Franse entente cordiale..................................................................32
Eerste Marokkaanse crisis.......................................................................33
Japans-Russische oorlog..........................................................................33
Russisch Britse entente...........................................................................33
Een gebipolariseerd systeem?................................................................33
Les 9: NAAR DE GROTE OORLOG (1908-1914)...........................................34
Bosnische crisis.......................................................................................34
Tweede Marokkaanse crisis.....................................................................34
Italiaanse verovering van Libië...............................................................35
Balkanoorlogen.......................................................................................35
Crisis van Juli-Aug...................................................................................35
Aanleiding: aanslag in Sarajevo..............................................................36
Verklaring eerste wereldoorlog...............................................................36
Les 10: De grote oorlog..............................................................................37
Na de oorlog...........................................................................................37
De zoektocht naar de ideale veiligheidsarchitectuur..............................37
Fase 1: vredesconferentie Parijs (1918-1920)......................................37
Fase 2: ontreddering (1920-1924).......................................................41
Fase 3: Een liberale kentering (1924-1929).........................................42
Les 11: De ondergang van Versailles en de tweede wereldoorlog.............43
‘Waarom werden de nazi’s niet gestopt?’...............................................43
Crash wall street (1929) + grote depressie.........................................43
Buitenlands Programma Hitler.............................................................43
Oorzaken tolerantie tegenover Hitler?....................................................44
Creatie van onzekerheid en angst in Britse politieke kringen.................45
Italiaanse aanval in Ethiopië................................................................45
36-39: Spaanse Burgeroorlog..............................................................45
36-37: Anti-Komintern Pact..................................................................45
1937: Japans-Chinese oorlog...............................................................46
1938: Anschluss Oostenrijk..................................................................46
1938: Tsjecho-Slowakije.......................................................................46
1939: Druk op polen............................................................................47
De Tweede wereldoorlog.........................................................................47
, Polen/Finland........................................................................................47
West-Europa 1940................................................................................47
Zuidoost Europa (1940-41)..................................................................48
Operatie Barbarossa............................................................................48
De VS in de oorlog/ Japanse expansie..................................................48
1943: Keerpunt....................................................................................48
Japanse nederlaag...............................................................................49
Les 12: Begin en institutionalisering van de koude oorlog.........................49
The big three (vs, USSR, vk)...................................................................49
Doelstellingen VS (1945)........................................................................50
Doelstelling Sovjet-Unie..........................................................................50
Doelstellingen VK....................................................................................50
Kwestie Polen..........................................................................................50
Duitsland en oostenrijk-Japan-VN............................................................51
Potsdam-Conferentie Juli 1945................................................................51
Kwestie Duitsland in Potsdam..............................................................51
Containment...........................................................................................51
De Truman-Doctrine................................................................................52
Marshall-Herstelprogramma...................................................................52
Wat met USSR en Oostblok? /Italië......................................................52
Angst in West-Europa..............................................................................53
Noord-Atlantisch verdrag.....................................................................54
Reactie van USSR: Warschaupact...........................................................54
Les 13: De koude oorlog in Azië.................................................................56
Amerikaanse bezetting van Japan (1945-1952)......................................56
Democratisering van Japan..................................................................56
De Chinese Burgeroorlog........................................................................57
De Koreaanse Oorlog (1950-53)..............................................................57
Les 14: de communistische wereld na Stalin (1953-1980).........................59
20ste Partijcongres CPSU (1956)..............................................................59
Buitenlands en defensiebeleid................................................................59
Destalinisering in Oostblok.....................................................................60
Gevolgen destalinisatie: Polen................................................................61
, Gevolgen Destalinisatie: Hongarije.........................................................61
Limieten destalinisering!.........................................................................62
Het verdeelde Duitsland en Berlijn.........................................................62
Crisis rond Berlijn.................................................................................63
De Sino-Sovjet-Split................................................................................63
De breuk..............................................................................................64
Nieuwe leider USSRBrezjnev
...................................................................65
Praagse Lente 1968.............................................................................65
Inval van het Warschaupact aug, 1968................................................65
Brezjnev-doctrine.................................................................................65
Conclusie................................................................................................66
Les 15: Dekolonisatie en Koude Oorlog (1945-1970).................................66
Analysekader..........................................................................................66
Bevrijdingsbeweging Azië/Afrika..........................................................66
Europese Koloniale mogendheden.......................................................66
Verenigde staten..................................................................................67
USSR/China..........................................................................................67
Afro-Aziatisch blok...............................................................................67
Zuid- en Zuidoost-Azië............................................................................67
Onafhankelijkheid India en Pakistan....................................................67
India en China......................................................................................68
Indonesië.............................................................................................68
Midden-Oosten en Noord-Afrika..............................................................68
Geboorte van Israël.............................................................................68
Zesdaagse oorlog Juni 1967................................................................69
Algerije oorlog......................................................................................69
De republikeinse Arabische Nationalisten............................................70
1956 Suez Crisis..................................................................................70
Staatsgreep Iran 1953.........................................................................71
Blokvorming............................................................................................71
Pactomania..........................................................................................71
Latijns-Amerika: Zelfstudie.....................................................................72
Sub-Sahara-Afrika...................................................................................73
, Britse Kolonies.....................................................................................73
Franse Kolonies....................................................................................73
Belgisch Congo....................................................................................74
Les 16: De wapenwedloop en de Cubaanse rakettencrisis........................75
Kernwapens............................................................................................75
Kernwapens in de jaren ‘40.................................................................76
Kernwapens Eisenhower-Periode (1953-1961).....................................78
NAVO en West-Europa..........................................................................79
Kernwapens Kennedy-Periode (1961-1963).........................................79
Achtergrond Cubaanse Rakettencrisis.................................................80
Les 17: De oorlogen in Vietnam.................................................................81
Franse oorlog in Indochina (1946-54)..................................................82
Nixon (1969-1974)...............................................................................85
Cambodja.............................................................................................86
Lessen..................................................................................................86
Les 18: Detente..........................................................................................87
Europese Detente...................................................................................87
De Gaulle.............................................................................................87
Multilateralisering detente binnen NAVO.............................................88
Ondertussen in Oostblok......................................................................89
Willy Brandt.........................................................................................89
Helsinki................................................................................................90
Detente tussen de supermachten...........................................................90
Actoren VS...........................................................................................90
USSR, Detente fase 2...........................................................................91
VS playing the China card....................................................................92
Bengaalse onafhankelijkheidsoorlog 1971...........................................92
Hoogtepunten fase 2...........................................................................93
Conclusies...............................................................................................93
Les 19: De nieuwe/Tweede Koude Oorlog...................................................94
Binnenlandse tegenwind.........................................................................94
In de VS...............................................................................................94
Jimmy Carter meer ideologisch beleid....................................................95
, Mensenrechtendiscours President Jimmy Carter..................................95
Detente en de losse eindjes ivm kernwapens.........................................95
Koude oorlog woedt voort in het Zuiden.................................................96
Nieuwe kansen voor Moskou................................................................96
Latijns-Amerika....................................................................................96
Midden-Oosten.....................................................................................96
Angola..................................................................................................97
Ogaden................................................................................................97
Afghanistan..........................................................................................97
De tweede koude oorlog.........................................................................98
Rakettenkwestie..................................................................................98
Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)................................................................98
Les 20: Einde koude oorlog........................................................................99
Gorbatsjov...........................................................................................99
Verschil met vreedzame co-existentie...............................................100
Reactie VS..........................................................................................100
Topontmoeting Reykjavik 1986..........................................................100
Rol van de SU en Gorbatsjov.............................................................101
Polen..................................................................................................101
Hongarije...........................................................................................101
Duitse democratische republiek........................................................101
Roemenië: bloedige repressie............................................................102
Tsjechoslowakije................................................................................102
Einde van de Sovjet-Unie......................................................................103
Les 21: Europa, NAVO en Rusland............................................................104
De ‘nieuwe’ Europese veiligheidsarchitectuur......................................104
NAVO..................................................................................................104
De evoluties in Rusland.........................................................................105
Russia leaves the west.......................................................................105
Les 22: De VS, de VNen de post-Westerse...............................................106
Pax Americana?....................................................................................106
VN Veiligheidsraad na Koude Oorlog.....................................................107
Barsten in de post-Koude Oorlog consensus.........................................108
,Nabeschouwing.....................................................................................108
, Geschiedenis van de
internationale politiek
Les 3: De oosterse kwestie
De oosterse kwestie
Ottomaanse rijk die ten onder gaat. ‘Zieke man van Europa’
Vele nationalisme (Vooral op de Balkan)= zorgt voor
opstandelingen, repressie
Russen waren zeer vijandig en gevaarlijk
Ze mochten de Turkse zeestraten niet bemachtigen die
behoorden tot Istanbul. Het was de doorgang en binnenkomst
van de grote zee!
Zagen Ottomaanse rijk als een buffer, iets nuttigs
Oostenrijk en Groot-Brittannië= of volledige autonomie voor
Ottomaanse rijk of loyaal voor hen. BANG dat de russen de
zeestraten (en dus Istanbul) zouden controleren.
Frankrijk wilde de kaart hertekenen hiermee
Zocht voor invloeden in Egypte, wilde hen. (Pasja dacht
anders, was voor Ottomaanse rijk)
Iedereen (uitgezonderd Frankrijk) wilde eigenlijk een status quo,
Niemand wilde het Ottomaanse rijk helemaal wegdoen. Alleen
hadden ze dat vertrouwen niet van elkaar.
Balkan begint een belangrijke rol te spelen, nationalisme begint uit
te breken.
De Griekse opstand
1821: Opstand Filiki Eteria (Ypsilantis)
Gebruikte de christenen van de Balkan + vorstdommen
Snel neergedaan door Ottomaanse rijk
Grote opstanden gaan door= massamoorden
Publieke opinie speelt grote rol Europa.
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