GERIATRIC NURSING MIDTERM EXAM
CORRECT ANSWERS 2023/2024
patient's bill of rights
make their own decisions
receive fair and equal treatment (considerate)
have their information and identity protected (confidentiality)
be provided with all information
can accept or refuse TX
privacy
receive responses to request (within reason)
education
categories of aging
young-old: 65-74
middle-old: 75-84
old-old: 85+
biological theories of aging
attempt to explain changes in the individual that ultimately lead to death
cells become disorganized/chaotic, no longer replicate, die
oxidative stress theories
rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cells and results in impaired cell function
ROS increased by external factors (smoke, pollution) and internal factors (inflammation)
damage is random and unpredictable
immunological theory of aging
aging is a result of an accumulation of damage to immune system
chronic state of inflammation and increasing ROS
assessment of falls
assessment of the older adult at risk
nursing assessment of the client after a fall
assessment of the environment and other situational circumstances upon admission and during
institutional stays.
after a patient falls, we should
Make sure they are stable (take some vital signs)
Check for injuries
Do not force movement, but ask if they can move voluntarily
Alert and oriented
What were they doing when they fell
Document as accurately as possible what happened
Did they fracture something
Get help before you move them
interventions for fall preventions
One-size-fits-all approach does not work
Interventions depend on the person's changing condition
,Type, timing, and frequency of the interventions are determined for the specific older individual.
assessment of the older adult
Signs and symptoms tend to be subtle
Don't stereotype
Sensory and physical limitations may affect ability to respond quickly
Be patient
Allow pauses
Observe for signs of fatigue: sighing, grimacing, irritability, leaning against objects for support,
drooping head and shoulders
frequent problems to address in an assessment
sexual function
depression
incontinence
alcoholism
hearing loss
oral health
environmental safety
assessment of the frail and medically complex - FANCAPES
fluids
aeration
nutrition
communication
activity
pain
elimination
socialization
documentation
patient confidentiality
detailed! clear and vivid and objective - should be able to be understood if it is in a court of law 10
years later
communicates qualities of care
cognition
a process of acquiring, storing, sharing, and using information
can change or remain stable
age-associated memory loss
normal in the older adult
key element of nutrition
preserving the health of the older adult
quality and quantity of a diet will
help prevent, delay the onset of, and manage chronic disease processes
, calorie needs in older adult
fewer calories, low saturated fats, trans fatty acids, protein, and need more fiber
obesity
increasing in older adults
maintaining weight is a clinical recommendation
malnutrition
a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes adverse effects on
body form, function, and clinical outcomes. (b/w 16-30% older adults are malnourished)
appetites
influenced by physical activity, functional limitations, smell, taste, mood, socialization, and comfort.
interventions to increase food intake
Nutrition education
Medication that stimulates appetite (orexigenic drugs)
Hydration management
Continued oral health care
aspiration
the most dangerous complication with someone who suffers with dysphagia
factors that affect meds in older adults
increased gastric pH (bad for acid-dependent drugs)
stomach emptying is delayed
intestinal mobility is slowed
decreased response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulators and blockers
decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
increased sensitivity to anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics, warfarin, and the cardiac
drugs diltiazem and verapamil
decreased response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulators
[vasoconstriction, vasodilation] (heart, smooth muscle in bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs)
decreased response to beta-adrenergic blockers
cardioselective, smooth muscle contraction in bronchioles
decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
nerve terminal stimulated by pressure; pressure receptors
increased sensitivity to anticholinergics
parasympatholytics; block acetylcholine; atropine
increased sensitivity to benzodiazepines
CORRECT ANSWERS 2023/2024
patient's bill of rights
make their own decisions
receive fair and equal treatment (considerate)
have their information and identity protected (confidentiality)
be provided with all information
can accept or refuse TX
privacy
receive responses to request (within reason)
education
categories of aging
young-old: 65-74
middle-old: 75-84
old-old: 85+
biological theories of aging
attempt to explain changes in the individual that ultimately lead to death
cells become disorganized/chaotic, no longer replicate, die
oxidative stress theories
rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cells and results in impaired cell function
ROS increased by external factors (smoke, pollution) and internal factors (inflammation)
damage is random and unpredictable
immunological theory of aging
aging is a result of an accumulation of damage to immune system
chronic state of inflammation and increasing ROS
assessment of falls
assessment of the older adult at risk
nursing assessment of the client after a fall
assessment of the environment and other situational circumstances upon admission and during
institutional stays.
after a patient falls, we should
Make sure they are stable (take some vital signs)
Check for injuries
Do not force movement, but ask if they can move voluntarily
Alert and oriented
What were they doing when they fell
Document as accurately as possible what happened
Did they fracture something
Get help before you move them
interventions for fall preventions
One-size-fits-all approach does not work
Interventions depend on the person's changing condition
,Type, timing, and frequency of the interventions are determined for the specific older individual.
assessment of the older adult
Signs and symptoms tend to be subtle
Don't stereotype
Sensory and physical limitations may affect ability to respond quickly
Be patient
Allow pauses
Observe for signs of fatigue: sighing, grimacing, irritability, leaning against objects for support,
drooping head and shoulders
frequent problems to address in an assessment
sexual function
depression
incontinence
alcoholism
hearing loss
oral health
environmental safety
assessment of the frail and medically complex - FANCAPES
fluids
aeration
nutrition
communication
activity
pain
elimination
socialization
documentation
patient confidentiality
detailed! clear and vivid and objective - should be able to be understood if it is in a court of law 10
years later
communicates qualities of care
cognition
a process of acquiring, storing, sharing, and using information
can change or remain stable
age-associated memory loss
normal in the older adult
key element of nutrition
preserving the health of the older adult
quality and quantity of a diet will
help prevent, delay the onset of, and manage chronic disease processes
, calorie needs in older adult
fewer calories, low saturated fats, trans fatty acids, protein, and need more fiber
obesity
increasing in older adults
maintaining weight is a clinical recommendation
malnutrition
a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes adverse effects on
body form, function, and clinical outcomes. (b/w 16-30% older adults are malnourished)
appetites
influenced by physical activity, functional limitations, smell, taste, mood, socialization, and comfort.
interventions to increase food intake
Nutrition education
Medication that stimulates appetite (orexigenic drugs)
Hydration management
Continued oral health care
aspiration
the most dangerous complication with someone who suffers with dysphagia
factors that affect meds in older adults
increased gastric pH (bad for acid-dependent drugs)
stomach emptying is delayed
intestinal mobility is slowed
decreased response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulators and blockers
decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
increased sensitivity to anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics, warfarin, and the cardiac
drugs diltiazem and verapamil
decreased response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulators
[vasoconstriction, vasodilation] (heart, smooth muscle in bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs)
decreased response to beta-adrenergic blockers
cardioselective, smooth muscle contraction in bronchioles
decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
nerve terminal stimulated by pressure; pressure receptors
increased sensitivity to anticholinergics
parasympatholytics; block acetylcholine; atropine
increased sensitivity to benzodiazepines
