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Samenvatting materieel strafrecht sv
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InhoudsopgaveH1. Definitie............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Definitie materieel strafrecht...........................................................................................................................................6
Definitie strafprocesrecht.................................................................................................................................................7
Internationaal strafrecht..................................................................................................................................................7
H2. Historisch overzicht............................................................................................................................................ 7
Archaisch stelsel...............................................................................................................................................................7
Middeleeuwen..................................................................................................................................................................8
Oud Germaans strafrecht.............................................................................................................................................8
Inquisitoire systeem.....................................................................................................................................................9
Verlichting.......................................................................................................................................................................10
Vandaag (huidige strafrecht in België)...........................................................................................................................11
H3. Theorieën over het strafrecht........................................................................................................................... 12
Straf heeft ≠ functies......................................................................................................................................................13
Klassieke leer..................................................................................................................................................................15
Positivisme......................................................................................................................................................................16
Nieuw sociaal verweer....................................................................................................................................................17
Neoclassicisme als reactie op positivisme en nieuw sociaal verweer............................................................................18
De Magna Charta op de helling?................................................................................................................................18
Nieuw realisme...........................................................................................................................................................19
Toekomstgericht.............................................................................................................................................................21
H4. Politieke dimensie van het strafrecht................................................................................................................ 23
Strafrecht en beleid....................................................................................................................................................23
H5. Bronnen van het strafrecht............................................................................................................................... 34
Nationale bronnen..........................................................................................................................................................34
Grondwet....................................................................................................................................................................34
Materieel strafrecht...................................................................................................................................................37
Formeel strafrecht = strafprocesrecht.......................................................................................................................40
Internationale bronnen..................................................................................................................................................42
Volkenrecht................................................................................................................................................................42
Mensenrechten..........................................................................................................................................................42
Internationaal strafrecht............................................................................................................................................43
H1. het legaliteitsbeginsel....................................................................................................................................... 46
De impact vd belgische staatsstructuur.........................................................................................................................46
Regelgeving krachtens een wet uitgevaardigd..............................................................................................................46
Krachtens de algemene door de beschaafde volkeren erkende rechtsbeginselen.........................................................47
H2. Interpretatie van de wet................................................................................................................................... 47
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,H3. De strafwet en het EVRM.................................................................................................................................. 49
Strafbaarstellingen (in België) strijdig met het EVRM....................................................................................................49
Oefeningen.....................................................................................................................................................................50
H4. De toepassing van de strafwet in de tijd............................................................................................................ 53
Geldigheidsduur van een strafwet.................................................................................................................................53
Begin...........................................................................................................................................................................53
Einde...........................................................................................................................................................................53
Wetsconflicten tussen opeenvolgende strafwetten.......................................................................................................54
Interpretatieve wetten....................................................................................................................................................60
H5. De toepassing van de strafwet naar de persoon................................................................................................ 60
De natuurlijke persoon...................................................................................................................................................60
De rechtspersoon............................................................................................................................................................60
De rechten van de verdediging in strafzaken: ook toepasselijk op de rechtspersoon?............................................63
De schuld bij rechtspersonen.....................................................................................................................................63
Samenloop en cumulatie van verantwoordelijkheid.................................................................................................64
H6. De toepassing van de strafwet in de ruimte....................................................................................................... 65
Territorialiteit.................................................................................................................................................................65
Basisregels..................................................................................................................................................................65
Lokalisatietheorieën...................................................................................................................................................66
Extraterritorialiteit..........................................................................................................................................................69
Basisregels......................................................................................................................................................................69
Casussen.........................................................................................................................................................................70
Duivelskoppel 1...............................................................................................................................................................71
Duivelskoppel 2...............................................................................................................................................................71
Duivelskoppel 3...............................................................................................................................................................71
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................................. 74
H1. Het begrip......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Algemeen hanteerde definitie ‘misdrijf’.........................................................................................................................76
Vier voorwaarden of constitutieve elementen ve misdrijf.............................................................................................77
Materiële gedragingen (1)..........................................................................................................................................77
Wederrechtelijkheid (2).............................................................................................................................................77
Moreel element (schuld) (3).......................................................................................................................................78
Strafwaardigheid (4)...................................................................................................................................................78
H2. Indeling van de misdrijven................................................................................................................................ 78
Indeling op basis van de strafmaat (kwantitatieve methode) (art 7 boek II Sv)............................................................78
Bepaling vd aard vh misdrijf.......................................................................................................................................79
Wisselwerking toepassing strafwet in de ruimte en de indeling vd misdrijven........................................................79
Indeling op basis van het moreel element vh misdrijf....................................................................................................81
Opzet als constitutief element VS opzet als intentie vd dader..................................................................................81
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, Commissie (handeling/iets gedaan) en omissiedelicten (doet iets niet)...................................................................82
Ogenblikkelijke (aflopende) – voortdurende.............................................................................................................82
Enkelvoudige - voortgezette: eenheid van opzet.......................................................................................................82
Gelegenheids- gewoontemisdrijven..........................................................................................................................82
Politieke misdrijven.........................................................................................................................................................83
Persmisdrijven................................................................................................................................................................83
Belang van het 3-delige onderscheid bij misdrijven (vooral wetboek)...........................................................................84
Materieel strafrecht...................................................................................................................................................84
Strafprocesrecht.........................................................................................................................................................85
H3. Rechtvaardigingsgronden.................................................................................................................................. 85
Noodweer/ wettige verdediging.....................................................................................................................................88
Voorwaarden voor aanvalsdaad................................................................................................................................88
Voorwaarden voor afwerdaad...................................................................................................................................88
Noodtoestand.................................................................................................................................................................90
Wettelijk voorschrift.......................................................................................................................................................92
Hoger bevel.....................................................................................................................................................................93
H4. Verschoningsgronden, verzachtende en verzwarende omstandigheden............................................................95
Verschoningsgronden............................................................................................................................................. 95
Uitlokking / provocatie (opzettelijk uitlokken ve reactie)...............................................................................................95
Overheid.........................................................................................................................................................................96
Verwantschap.................................................................................................................................................................97
Herstel............................................................................................................................................................................97
Verzachtende omstandigheden............................................................................................................................... 98
Correctionalisering.........................................................................................................................................................98
Strafvermindering...........................................................................................................................................................99
Verzwarende omstandigheden................................................................................................................................ 99
H1. Algemene inleiding......................................................................................................................................... 101
Begrip...........................................................................................................................................................................101
Objectieve aansprakelijkheid........................................................................................................................................102
Vermoedens..................................................................................................................................................................102
Causaliteit.....................................................................................................................................................................103
Strafrechterlijke schuld en aquiliaanse fout.................................................................................................................104
H2. Het moreel element........................................................................................................................................ 104
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................................104
Opzet............................................................................................................................................................................104
Graden van opzet.....................................................................................................................................................105
Onachtzaamheid..........................................................................................................................................................106
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, Schuld door wetsinbreuk..............................................................................................................................................106
H3. Schulduitsluitingsgronden............................................................................................................................... 107
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................................107
Dwang/overmacht........................................................................................................................................................107
2 soorten dwang.......................................................................................................................................................107
Toepassingsvoorwaarden.........................................................................................................................................107
Bijzondere gevallen..................................................................................................................................................108
Dwaling.........................................................................................................................................................................108
2 soorten dwaling.....................................................................................................................................................108
Toepassingsvoorwaarden.........................................................................................................................................109
Bijzondere gevallen..................................................................................................................................................109
H1. Poging tot een misdrijf.................................................................................................................................... 111
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................................111
Objectivisme, subjectivisme en omschrijving van de poging...................................................................................113
Objectivisme, subjectivisme en bestraffing van de poging......................................................................................113
Strafbare poging in Belgisch strafwetboek..................................................................................................................114
Constitutieve elementen van een strafbare poging.....................................................................................................114
Straf voor de poging.....................................................................................................................................................115
Bestraffing van de poging tot misdaad....................................................................................................................117
Bestraffing van de poging tot wanbedrijf.................................................................................................................117
Bestraffing van de poging tot overtreding...............................................................................................................117
Onmogelijk misdrijf......................................................................................................................................................117
H2. Deelneming aan een misdrijf........................................................................................................................... 119
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................................119
Constitutieve elementen (3).........................................................................................................................................121
Wislovereenstemmign (1)........................................................................................................................................121
Misdrijf (2)................................................................................................................................................................122
Positieve deelnemingsdaad (3)................................................................................................................................123
Straf..............................................................................................................................................................................124
Verzwarende omstandigheden mbt mededaders en medeplichtigen.........................................................................124
Praktijkvoorbeeld..........................................................................................................................................................124
Deelneming en (de)cumul.............................................................................................................................................124
H1. Overzicht van de strafsancties......................................................................................................................... 126
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................................126
Doodstraf......................................................................................................................................................................127
Vrijheidsstraf................................................................................................................................................................128
Geldboete.....................................................................................................................................................................129
Confiscatie/verbeurdverklaring....................................................................................................................................130
Gewone consficatie..................................................................................................................................................130
Voordeelsontneming / vermogensvoordeel............................................................................................................131
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