Summary
Summary of all articles
- Course
- Institution
A summary of all the compulsory literature (other than the book) for the course 'School psychology'.
[Show more]
Seller
Followmaudhappee
Reviews received
Content preview
Best & Miller (2010)Abstract
- Executive function emerges in the first few years of life, but continues to strengthen
throughout childhood and adolescence
- Executive functions: cognitive processes that underlie goal-directed behaviour and are
orchestrated by activity within the prefrontal cortex (PFC)
- No developmental account of EF across childhood and adolescence
Jolles, D. D., & Crone, E. A. (2012). Training the developing brain: A neurocognitive
perspective. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1-13.
Abstract:
- Childhood is a special period during which training may have different effects
- There is much complexity in interpreting training effects in children
- Depending on type of training + level of maturation of individual, training may influence
developmental trajectories in different ways
- Proposition: immature brain structure might set limits on how much can be achieved with
training, but that immaturity can also have advantages (flexibility)
Introduction
- Human brain is highly plastic & adapts quickly to new experiences
- Childhood might be a special period during which training has specific effects
o Great changes in neural efficiency during development, making this period ideal for
training interventions
o However, the maximum achievable performance could be constrained by the current
level of structural brain development and cognitive functioning
- Improved performance after cognitive training in children
Cognitive training: purpose and approach
- Cognitive training=process of improving cognitive functioning by means of practice and/or
intentional instruction
- Cognitive training studies have been focused on:
o Application
o Theory
- Major approaches of cognitive training
o Process-based: repeated performance of demanding executive function tasks (mostly
training of working memory)
o Strategy-based: more explicit task instructions
1
, Flynn et al. (1987)
Learned content
- Learned content has inhibited rather than promoted IQ gains
o The more a test uses learned content as a vehicle, the more it prevents growth
in data
Early maturation
- IQ tests persist to full maturity/may persist
What IQ tests really measure
- Ravens progressive Matrices Test: does not measure intelligence, but a correlate with
a weak causal link to intelligence – this may be the case for all IQ tests
- We can say: IQ tests measure abstract problem-solving ability (APSA)
Causes of IQ gains
- Unidentified environmental variables
o SES
o Better education
Summary implications
- Massive gains on all kinds of IQ tests
- Gains persist to maturity
- IQ tests don’t seem to measure intelligence
IQ gains do not mean intelligence gains
- SAT scores have declined, which may be explained saying IQ tests don’t actually
measure intelligence
Elliot et al. (2010)
Glossary:
- Clinical DA: tester is free to determine the nature and form of feedback that should be
provided to the testee
- Dynamic testing: contingent feedback is provided during the test session, so that learning can
take place and the testee’s capacity for improvement can be gauged
- Learning potential: one’s capacity to learn when conditions are optimal
- Standardized DA: nature of contingent feedback follows a prespecified path not determined by
clinician)
- Static testing: tester assumes a neutral stance and any feedback on perform during testing
session is proscribed
- Zone of proximal development (Vygotsky)
Need for a dynamic approach:
- Most tests used in schools are of static nature
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller maudhappee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.39. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now