MN553 Pharmacology Unit 2 Quiz 100% Solved

MN553 Pharmacology Unit 2 Quiz 100% Solved What properties affect the distribution of drugs - Answer- drug size, charge, chemical structure, pH, molecular size, lipid or water solubility first pass metabolism - Answer- metabolism by the liver following oral administration Phase 1 reactions - Answer- Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or non-synthetic reactions that prepare the drug for further metabolism - to make the drug more water soluble Phase II reactions - Answer- synthetic or conjugation reactions, something is added to drug to make it more water soluble and more easily excreted by the kidneys CYP P450 - Answer- Liver *enzyme* that detoxifies substances, Makes them easier to be excreted. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - Answer- minor mutations that can result in metabolic activity changes, including increased and decreased drug responses primary organ of excretion for drugs - Answer- kidney blood flow differences in infants - Answer- increased blood flow to muscles 1-6 mo EXCEPT during illness, can cause slower or rapid perfusion Pediatric GI function - Answer- pH increases gradually- reaches adult levels @ 20-30 months preemies are even slower Diarrhea and kids - Answer- kids with diarrhea have poor absorption of oral drugs Pediatric skin absorption - Answer- Kids have thinner stratum corneum so topical medications are absorbed more readily: increased risk of toxicity Infants and Lipid Soluble drugs - Answer- decreased volume distribution, less plasma proteins for binding, require higher doses of hydrophilic drugs CYP1A2 (phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - Answer- reaches adult level by 4 mo and then higher than adult levels through childhood then declines CYP2D2 (Phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - Answer- absent or 5% active at birth reaches adult levels by 3-5 yrs but has significant genetic variability CYP2D6 ultrametabolizers - Answer- up to 20 percent of Ethiopians are 2D6 ultra- metabolizers but 3.4-6.5 percent of non-Ethiopian African Americans are ultra- metabolizers, same for caucasians small intestine and drug metabolism - Answer- small inte