Foreign Service Officer Test - World Affairs Exam Questions With Answers
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Foreign Service Officer
Foreign Service Officer Test - World Affairs Exam Questions With Answers
"Let one hundred flowers bloom"
Chairman Mao Zedong's "Let a hundred flowers bloom; let a hundred schools of thought contend". This slogan was used during the period of approximately six weeks in the summer of 1957 when the ...
Foreign Service Officer Test - World Affairs
Exam Questions With Answers
"Let one hundred flowers bloom"
Chairman Mao Zedong's "Let a hundred flowers bloom; let a hundred schools of thought contend".
This slogan was used during the period of approximately six weeks in the summer of 1957 when the
Chinese intelligentsia were invited to criticize the political system then obtaining in Communist China.
It is sometimes suggested that the initiative was a deliberate attempt to flush out dissidents by
encouraging them to show themselves as critical of the regime. Whether or not it was a deliberate
trap isn't clear but it is the case that many of those who put forward views that were unwelcome to
Mao were executed.
absolute majority
more than 50% of all votes cast
accountability
the concept that government officials are responsible to and serve at the pleasure of constituents or
elected officials (and that they may be removed from office by those electors or officials)
adjudicate
to resolve a matter in dispute; when backed up by the authority of government the decision can be
enforced
adjudication
the legal process of deciding an issue through the courts
Afghanistan and Bhutan
British buffer states for India
agricultural sector
that part of a country's economy that is involved in the production of farm products
airspace
The space above a state that is considered its territory, in contrast to outer space, which is considered
international territory.
alliance cohesion
the ease with which the members hold together an alliance; tends to be high when national interests
converge & when cooperation among allies become institutionalized
Ambalat
Indonesia & Malaysia dispute this oil-rich sea area
America First
Founded in 1939 after Germany’s invasion of Poland, America First was an isolationist group that
opposed U.S. involvement in World War II. Many prominent Americans were members, including
,aviator Charles Lindbergh. At its peak, America First had 800,000 members. The organization
disbanded shortly after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
American Convention on Human Rights
The American Convention on Human Rights, which entered into force in 1978, defines the human
rights that the ratifying states of the Western Hemisphere have agreed to foster through the Inter-
American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), an autonomous organ of the Organization of
American States (OAS) headquartered in Washington, D.C. The IACHR meets frequently, considers
cases brought before it and gives priority to stimulating public awareness in such areas as judicial
independence, activities of irregular armed groups and the human rights of minors, women and
indigenous peoples. The Convention also established the Inter-American Court of Human Rights,
located in San Jose, Costa Rica.
Andrei Gromyko
Soviet foreign minister (1957â€"85) and president (1985â€"88) of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet. Though never strongly identified with any political faction, he served dependably as a skilled
emissary and spokesman. He was ambassador to the U.S. (1943â€"46), Soviet representative to the
UN Security Council (1946â€"48), and ambassador to Britain (1952â€"53). In 1957 he began his long
tenure as foreign minister and became renowned for his negotiating skills. In 1985 he was promoted
to the presidency, with great prestige but little power, after Mikhail Gorbachev came to power.
Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides
1906: Joint agreement between England and France for cooperative government in the Pacific
Annexation of Baltic States
1940 - The direct Soviet aggression against the Baltic countries occurred on 14-17 June 1940 when the
world’s attention was focused on the military actions in Western Europe where Paris fell to the
Germans on 14 June. Accusing Estonia of forming a conspiracy together with Latvia and Lithuania
against the Soviet Union, the latter presented an ultimatum, demanding new concessions which
included allowing more troops to enter the three countries. In the conditions of international
isolation, the governments surrendered without offering any military resistance, and within a few
days, the countries were invaded and occupied by several hundred thousand soldiers of the Red
Army. A few days later days, led by Stalin’s close associates, the local communist supporters and
those brought in from Russia, formally forced the Baltic governments to resign and proclaimed new
"people's governments" in the three occupied countries.
attentive public
the minority of the population that stays informed about international issues
Austrian State Treaty
1955 - 1955 in Vienna at the Schloss Belvedere among the Allied occupying powers: France, the
United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union, and the Austrian government and officially
came into force on July 27, 1955.
authoritarianism
a political system in which a small group of individuals exercises power over the state without being
constitutionally responsible to the public.
autocracy
,a system of governance in which a small group has absolute power
autonomy
the degree to which a state can implement policies independent of the populace or the amount of
sovereignty a nation-state can exercise in the global environment
Azerbaijan & Armenia
Azerbaijan holds Naxcivan in Armenia and Armenia holds Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan
Bahrain vs. Qatar
Dispute over the Hawar Islands
Balfour Declaration
A formal statement of policy by the British government in 1917 stating, among other things, that the
Jewish plans for a national home for their people within Palestine‎ was supported by the Britain. So
-- Jews thought they had the right to live there, Palestinians were already there and thought they had
the right to stay. Conflict starts here.
Balkan independence
Croatia first, then Serbia. Bosnia in 1992 from Yugoslavia. Kosovo last.
bandwagoning
smaller states join forces with larger states to gain power
Battle of Britain
June 1940â€"April 1941: Series of intense raids directed against Britain by the German air force in
World War II. The air attacks, intended to prepare the way for a German invasion, were directed
against British ports and RAF bases. In September 1940 the attacks turned to London and other cities
in a “blitz†of bombings for 57 consecutive nights, which was followed by intermittent raids until
April 1941. The RAF was outnumbered but succeeded in blocking the German air force through
superior tactics, advanced air defenses, and the penetration of German secret codes.
Belleau Wood
A forested area of northern France. In June 1918, it was the site of a hard-fought and bloody
American victory over the Germans. This battle was signicant in that it stopped a German advance
toward Paris
Berlin Blockade
1948-1949 â€" Instituted by the Soviet Union in the hope that the Allies would be forced to abandon
West Berlin. The Berlin Airlift, a massive effort to supply the 2 million West Berliners with food and
fuel for heating began in June, 1948, and lasted until Sept., 1949, although the Russians lifted the
blockade in May of that year. During the around-the-clock airlift some 277,000 flights were made
delivering an average of 8,000 tons of supplies daily.
Biological Weapons Convention
Entered into force in 1975, the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) had 151 member states in
2006. It provides that members of the Convention should "never in any circumstances...develop,
, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain...Microbial or other biological agents, or toxins
whatever their origin or method of production, of types and in quantities that have no justification for
prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes." The Convention also imparts responsibilities on
member nations to destroy all such weapons and their means of delivery.
Border distinctions
Delimited borders are described; demarcated borders are surveyed and marked.
Britain, China, Iran
Which of the states we have studied are unitary governments.
Bryan resigns
June 9, 1915 â€" Believing the strong language in Wilson’s note to Germany after the sinking of
the British ship Lusitania would lead the U.S. into an unnecessary war; Secretary of State William
Jennings Bryan resigned his post.
bureaucracy
a hierarchically structured organization charged with carrying out the policies determined by those
with political authority
bureaucratic authoritarianism
A system in which the state bureaucracy and the military share a belief that a technocratic leadership,
focused on rational, objective, and technical expertise, can solve the problems of the country without
public participation.
Bystroe Canal & Serpent Island
Disputed by Romania and Ukraine. ICJ split Serpent Island in 2009. *Mouth of the Danube at issue*
cabinet
in a parliamentary system, the group of ministers who direct administrative bureaucracies (ministries)
and make up the government, which is responsible to the parliament; in a presidential system, the
administrative directors responsible to the president
Cameroon vs. Nigeria
Conflict over the Bakasi Peninsula; the ICJ ruled in favor of Cameroon.
Camp David Accords
1979 peace agreement between Israel and Egypt
Cantigny
1918 â€" A village of northern France south of Amiens. It was the site of the first major U.S. offensive
in World War I on May 28 1918.
capacity
the degree to which a government or state is able to implement its policies
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