Immunology- Block 1 Exam Questions With Answers
Pattern Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
molecules shared by groups of related microbes that are essential for the survival of those organisms
Ligand
any molecule or atom which binds reversibly to a protein
Epitope
smallest molecular structure recognized by a specific receptor
Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, B Cells
What are the professional APCs?
Peripheral Tolerance of T Cells
Auto reactive lymphocytes are kept anergic - nonreactive
regulatory immune cells in circulation
Fetomaternal Tolerance
prevents maternal immune system response from attacking developing fetus, esp regarding diff blood
types
Antigen
material that can evoke an immune response; collection of sometimes repeating and/or unique
epitopes.
Tolerance
The prevention of an immune response against a particular antigen; responses to future exposure can
be diminished
Immune System
A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that helps the body fight
infections and other diseases.
On professional APCs
MHC I and MHC II are both found where
Pathogen
disease causing or harmful organisms
Peripheral Tolerance
ensures that self reactive T and B cells which escaped central tolerance do not cause autoimmune
disease
thymus and bone marrow
,Where does central tolerance occur?
Positive and Negative Selection
For tolerance, what process does T cells undergo
Clonal deletion or receptor editing
For tolerance, what process does B cells undergo
Peripheral tissues and lymph nodes
Where does peripheral tolerance occur
Inflammation
response to tissue damage; can be chronic or acute
all nucleated cells
where are MHC Class I genes found
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
proteins capable of recognizing molecules frequently found in pathogens
Positive Selection
T-cells in the thymus that moderately bind MHC complexes receive survival signals - intermediate
affinity
Immunoglobulin
diverse group of globular molecules found in blood and tissues; usually bound B cells and plasma cells
Negative Selection
T cells whose TCRs bind too strongly to MHC complexes and will likely be self reactive - too high
affinity
Central Tolerance
removes self-reactive lymphocytes in an early stage of development via apoptosis
on antigen presenting cells APCs
where are MHC Class II genes found
Immunological memory
once an infectious organism stimulates an adaptive response subsequent encounters with that
organism produce mild or even unapparent effects because of therapia and enhanced action of
antibodies or effector T cells
Antibody
, immunoglobin that specifically binds to known ligand and or epitope - usually used in terms of
circulating Ig
Autoreactivity - self attacking self- which leads to autoimmune disease
Consequences of self recognition failure
Auto reactive lymphocytes can attack the self and damage host tissues
What happens when the body cannot distinguish self
Education, Prevention, and Treatment
What are the three forms of health intervention
Research and Study
What is the Health Prevention of Education
Avert occurrence of illness
What is the Health Prevention of Prevention
Decrease discomfort and increase health
What is the Health Prevention of Treatment
Wellness
an active process through which people become aware of, and make choices toward, a more
successful existence
1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, & spirit.
2. The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, & health maintenance
3. Structure & function are reciprocally interrelated
4. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-
regulation, & the interrelationship of structure & function
What are the Four Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine
Innate Immune System
Early, generalized, first line of defense
Skin and Mucous membranes, Phagocytic Cells, Proinflammatory cells, Natural Killer Cells, Antigen
Presenting Cells
What are the cellular components of the Innate Immune System
Mechanical and Chemical Defenses
What is the function of Skin and Mucous membranes - epithelial cells
To ingest and kill bacteria and fungi
What is the function of phagocytic cells - neutrophils, macrophages
Pattern Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
molecules shared by groups of related microbes that are essential for the survival of those organisms
Ligand
any molecule or atom which binds reversibly to a protein
Epitope
smallest molecular structure recognized by a specific receptor
Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, B Cells
What are the professional APCs?
Peripheral Tolerance of T Cells
Auto reactive lymphocytes are kept anergic - nonreactive
regulatory immune cells in circulation
Fetomaternal Tolerance
prevents maternal immune system response from attacking developing fetus, esp regarding diff blood
types
Antigen
material that can evoke an immune response; collection of sometimes repeating and/or unique
epitopes.
Tolerance
The prevention of an immune response against a particular antigen; responses to future exposure can
be diminished
Immune System
A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that helps the body fight
infections and other diseases.
On professional APCs
MHC I and MHC II are both found where
Pathogen
disease causing or harmful organisms
Peripheral Tolerance
ensures that self reactive T and B cells which escaped central tolerance do not cause autoimmune
disease
thymus and bone marrow
,Where does central tolerance occur?
Positive and Negative Selection
For tolerance, what process does T cells undergo
Clonal deletion or receptor editing
For tolerance, what process does B cells undergo
Peripheral tissues and lymph nodes
Where does peripheral tolerance occur
Inflammation
response to tissue damage; can be chronic or acute
all nucleated cells
where are MHC Class I genes found
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
proteins capable of recognizing molecules frequently found in pathogens
Positive Selection
T-cells in the thymus that moderately bind MHC complexes receive survival signals - intermediate
affinity
Immunoglobulin
diverse group of globular molecules found in blood and tissues; usually bound B cells and plasma cells
Negative Selection
T cells whose TCRs bind too strongly to MHC complexes and will likely be self reactive - too high
affinity
Central Tolerance
removes self-reactive lymphocytes in an early stage of development via apoptosis
on antigen presenting cells APCs
where are MHC Class II genes found
Immunological memory
once an infectious organism stimulates an adaptive response subsequent encounters with that
organism produce mild or even unapparent effects because of therapia and enhanced action of
antibodies or effector T cells
Antibody
, immunoglobin that specifically binds to known ligand and or epitope - usually used in terms of
circulating Ig
Autoreactivity - self attacking self- which leads to autoimmune disease
Consequences of self recognition failure
Auto reactive lymphocytes can attack the self and damage host tissues
What happens when the body cannot distinguish self
Education, Prevention, and Treatment
What are the three forms of health intervention
Research and Study
What is the Health Prevention of Education
Avert occurrence of illness
What is the Health Prevention of Prevention
Decrease discomfort and increase health
What is the Health Prevention of Treatment
Wellness
an active process through which people become aware of, and make choices toward, a more
successful existence
1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, & spirit.
2. The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, & health maintenance
3. Structure & function are reciprocally interrelated
4. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-
regulation, & the interrelationship of structure & function
What are the Four Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine
Innate Immune System
Early, generalized, first line of defense
Skin and Mucous membranes, Phagocytic Cells, Proinflammatory cells, Natural Killer Cells, Antigen
Presenting Cells
What are the cellular components of the Innate Immune System
Mechanical and Chemical Defenses
What is the function of Skin and Mucous membranes - epithelial cells
To ingest and kill bacteria and fungi
What is the function of phagocytic cells - neutrophils, macrophages
