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AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 questions and answers guaranteed pass 2024/2025
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AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 questions and answers guaranteed pass 2024/2025
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AQAA
LEVEL
PSYCHOLOGY
PAPER
2
Give
one
reason
why
schema's
are
useful?
-
ANSWhen
we're
in
unknown
situations
schemas
help
us
know
how
to
behave.
So
when
we
do
not
know
what
to
do
our
schema
fills
in
the
gaps
for
us
and
allow
us
to
process
situations
better.
Give
one
reason
why
schema's
are
not
useful?
-
ANSschemas
may
exclude
information
which
doesn't
conform
to
our
prior
expectations.
As
a
result,
we
may
form
stereotypes
which
are
difficult
to
shift,
even
if
new,disputing
information
is
presented.
This
means
we
may
not
be
processing
the
world
around
us
accurately
and
may
misjudge
or
represent
a
person
or
situation.
Discuss
the
defense
mechanism
shown
by
Jed?
-
ANSDisplacement
is
when
we
redirect
our
hostile
feelings
onto
something
else
because
it
is
not
appropriate
to
express
their
feeling
towards
the
person
or
object
in
question.
Jed
can't
take
his
frustration
out
on
his
teacher,
who
issued
the
detention
and
he
displaced
his
feelings
by
kicking
the
locker.
Outline
the
key
features
of
the
behaviourist
approach.
Compare
to
the
biological
approach,
(A01
Behaviourist)
-
ANSThe
behaviourist
approach
suggests
that
the
basic
processes
that
govern
learning
in
all
species
are
the
same.
We
learn
through
two
concepts:
operant
conditioning
and
classical
conditioning.
Outline
the
key
features
of
the
behaviourist
approach.
Compare
to
the
biological
approach,
(classical
conditioning)
-
ANSThe
idea
of
classical
conditioning
was
developed
by
Pavlov
who
found
that
we
learn
through
association.
He
found
that
it
was
possible
to
condition
dogs
to
associate
the
sound
of
a
bell
with
food.
This
resulted
in
the
dogs
producing
a
salivation
response
at
the
sound
of
a
bell
even
when
no
food
was
present.
Pavlov
demonstrated
that
repeated
exposure
to
an
event
leads
to
a
learned
and
uncontrollable
behaviour.
Outline
the
key
features
of
the
behaviourist
approach.
Compare
to
the
biological
approach,
(operant
conditioning)
-
ANSSkinner
suggested
behaviour
resulted
from
learning
through
the
consequences
of
our
actions.
He
conducted
research
into
operant
conditioning
theory
using
rats,
and
found
that
three
types
of
consequences
will
affect
behaviour:
positive
reinforcement
involves
rewarding
a
behaviour,
which
increases
it
being
repeated;
negative
reinforcement
involves
removing
an
unpleasant
outcome
to
increase
it
being
repeated;
punishment
involves
adding
an
unpleasant
outcome,reducing
the
behaviour.
Outline
the
key
features
of
the
behaviourist
approach.
Compare
to
the
biological
approach,
(similarity
to
biological)
-
ANSBoth
the
behaviourist
approach
and
biological
approach
share
a
similarity
in
being
determinist.
Both
ignore
the
influence
that
the
person
can
have
and
whether
they
have
free
will
and
can
make
their
own
choices
in
these
decisions. Outline
the
key
features
of
the
behaviourist
approach.
Compare
to
the
biological
approach,
(difference)
-
ANSHowever,
they
differ
in
that
the
behaviourist
approach
is
environmentally
determinist
while
the
biological
approach
is
biologically
determinist.
Stating
that
behaviour
is
the
product
of
internal
biological
factors
(e.g.
genes,
hormones,
neurotransmitters,
etc.)
while
behaviourists
argue
that
behaviour
is
determined
by
the
environment
and
is
a
product
of
stimulus-response
associations
Outline
the
key
features
of
the
behaviourist
approach.
Compare
to
the
biological
approach
(similarity)
-
ANSBoth
approaches
take
a
nomothetic
approach
when
studying
human
behaviour.
Both
investigate
behaviour
to
try
to
create
universal
laws
that
apply
to
all
human
beings.
Biologists
argue
that
this
is
possible
because
human
beings
share
similar
physiologies,
and
behaviourists
argue
that
this
is
possible
because
all
behaviour
is
the
result
of
learning
and
stimulus-response
associations.
Therefore,
the
aim
of
generating
universal
laws
that
apply
to
all
humans
is
another
similarity
between
the
behaviourist
and
biological
approaches.
Outline
the
key
features
of
the
behaviourist
approach.
Compare
to
the
biological
approach
(nature
+
nurture)
-
ANSthe
behaviourist
approach
and
biological
approach
are
different
in
their
position
on
the
nature-nurture
debate.
Behaviourist
views
rest
firmly
on
the
nurture
side
of
the
debate,
and
that
human
beings
are
blank
slates
and
that
all
behaviour
is
learned.
Biological
psychologists
argue
a
nature-based
view
of
behaviour.
They
posit
that
behaviour
is
the
result
of
innate
biological
factors
(e.g.
genes,
hormones,
neurotransmitters.
etc.)
and
is,
therefore,
the
product
of
nature
and
not
nurture.
Therefore,
despite
their
similarities
in
terms
of
determinism
and
their
approach
to
investigation,
the
behaviourist
and
biological
approaches
are
radically
different
in
terms
of
their
position
on
the
nature-nurture
debate.
Name
a
difference
between
somatic
nervous
system
and
autonomic
nervous
system?
-
ANSThe
somatic
nervous
system
facilitates
communication
between
the
central
nervous
system
and
the
outside
world,
whereas
the
autonomic
nervous
system
plays
an
important
role
in
maintaining
internal
processes
like
body
temperature.
Label
the
picture
of
the
diagram
to
show
which
neuron
went
where
-
ANSA
=
Sensory
B
=
Relay
C
=
Motor
Explain
why
neurons
travel
in
one
direction
during
synaptic
transmission?
-
ANSConsequently,
the
information
can
only
travel
in
this
direction
because
the
neurotransmitters
are
released
from
the
vesicles
at
the
end
of
the
pre-synaptic
neuron
and
bind
to
sites
at
the
start
of
the
post-synaptic
neuron.
This
would
make
it
impossible
for
information
to
flow
in
any
other
direction.
relate
fight
or
flight
to
why
it
would
be
unhelpful
for
someone
taking
a
driving
test
-
ANSWhen
entering
a
stressful
situation,
like
a
driving
test,
the
amydala
activates.
The
amygdala
sends
a
distress
signal
to
the
hypothalamus,which
then
communicates
with
the
body
through
the
sympathetic
nervous
system.
If
a
short
term
response
is
needed
the
SAM
pathway
is
activated.
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