Exam (elaborations)
Physics Ninth Edition for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
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Physics Ninth Edition for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
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Schematic linear or rotational motion directionsDimensional rotational arrow
Enlargement arrow
Springs
Pulleys
Objects
ImagesLight ray
Focal light ray
Central light ray
Converging lens
Diverging lensMirror
Curved mirrorLight and OpticsCapacitors
Ground symbol
CurrentAC Sources
LightbulbsAmmetersVoltmetersInductors (coils)Weng
Qc
QhLinear ( v) and angular ()
velocity vectors
Velocity component vectorsDisplacement and position vectorsDisplacement and position component vectors
Force vectors ()
Force component vectors
Acceleration vectors ()
Acceleration component vectors
Energy transfer arrowsMechanics and Thermodynamics
S
FS aSLinear () and angular ()
momentum vectorspS LS
Linear and angular momentumcomponent vectors
Torque vectors ()tS
Torque component
vectorsvS
Electricity and Magnetism
Electric fieldsElectric field vectorsElectric field component vectors
Magnetic fields
Magnetic field vectorsMagnetic field component vectors
Positive charges
Negative charges
Resistors
Batteries and other
DC power supplies
Switches/H11001
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/H11002/H11001V
AProcess arrow
Pedagogical Color Chart
Pedagogical Color Chart Some Physical Constants
Quantity Symbol Valuea
Atomic mass unit u 1.660 538 782 (83) 3 10227 kg
931.494 028 (23) MeV/ c2
Avogadro’s number NA 6.022 141 79 (30) 3 1023 particles/mol
Bohr magneton mB 5eU
2me9.274 009 15 (23) 3 10224 J/T
Bohr radius a0 5U2
mee2ke5.291 772 085 9 (36) 3 10211 m
Boltzmann’s constant kB5R
NA1.380 650 4 (24) 3 10223 J/K
Compton wavelength lC 5h
mec 2.426 310 217 5 (33) 3 10212 m
Coulomb constant ke 51
4pP08.987 551 788 . . . 3 109 N ? m2/C2 (exact)
Deuteron mass md 3.343 583 20 (17) 3 10227 kg
2.013 553 212 724 (78) u
Electron mass me 9.109 382 15 (45) 3 10231 kg
5.485 799 094 3 (23) 3 1024 u
0.510 998 910 (13) MeV/ c2
Electron volt eV 1.602 176 487 (40) 3 10219 J
Elementary charge e 1.602 176 487 (40) 3 10219 C
Gas constant R 8.314 472 (15) J/mol ? K
Gravitational constant G 6.674 28 (67) 3 10211 N ? m2/kg2
Neutron mass mn 1.674 927 211 (84) 3 10227 kg
1.008 664 915 97 (43) u
939.565 346 (23) MeV/ c2
Nuclear magneton mn 5eU
2mp5.050 783 24 (13) 3 10227 J/T
Permeability of free space m0 4p 3 1027 T ? m/A (exact)
Permittivity of free space P0 51
m0c28.854 187 817 . . . 3 10212 C2/N ? m2 (exact)
Planck’s constant h 6.626 068 96 (33) 3 10234 J ? s
U5h
2p1.054 571 628 (53) 3 10234 J ? s
Proton mass mp 1.672 621 637 (83) 3 10227 kg
1.007 276 466 77 (10) u
938.272 013 (23) MeV/ c2
Rydberg constant RH 1.097 373 156 852 7 (73) 3 107 m21
Speed of light in vacuum c 2.997 924 58 3 108 m/s (exact)
Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. For a more complete list, see P. J. Mohr, B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, “CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006.” Rev. Mod. Phys. 80:2, 633–730, 2008.
aThe numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits. Solar System Data
Mean Radius Mean Distance from
Body Mass (kg) (m) Period (s) the Sun (m)
Mercury 3.30 3 10232.44 3 1067.60 3 1065.79 3 1010
Venus 4.87 3 10246.05 3 1061.94 3 1071.08 3 1011
Earth 5.97 3 10246.37 3 1063.156 3 1071.496 3 1011
Mars 6.42 3 10233.39 3 1065.94 3 1072.28 3 1011
Jupiter 1.90 3 10276.99 3 1073.74 3 1087.78 3 1011
Saturn 5.68 3 10265.82 3 1079.29 3 1081.43 3 1012
Uranus 8.68 3 10252.54 3 1072.65 3 1092.87 3 1012
Neptune 1.02 3 10262.46 3 1075.18 3 1094.50 3 1012
Plutoa1.25 3 10221.20 3 1067.82 3 1095.91 3 1012
Moon 7.35 3 10221.74 3 106— —
Sun 1.989 3 10306.96 3 108— —
aIn August 2006, the International Astronomical Union adopted a definition of a planet that separates Pluto from the other eight planets. Pluto is now defined as a “dwarf planet” (like the asteroid Ceres).
Physical Data Often Used
Average Earth–Moon distance 3.84 3 108 m
Average Earth–Sun distance 1.496 3 1011 m
Average radius of the Earth 6.37 3 106 m
Density of air (20 8C and 1 atm) 1.20 kg/m3
Density of air (0°C and 1 atm) 1.29 kg/m3
Density of water (20 8C and 1 atm) 1.00 3 103 kg/m3
Free-fall acceleration 9.80 m/s2
Mass of the Earth 5.97 3 1024 kg
Mass of the Moon 7.35 3 1022 kg
Mass of the Sun 1.99 3 1030 kg
Standard atmospheric pressure 1.013 3 105 Pa
Note: These values are the ones used in the text.
Some Prefixes for Powers of Ten
Power Prefix Abbreviation Power Prefix Abbreviation 10224yocto y 101deka da 10221zepto z 102hecto h 10218atto a 103kilo k 10215femto f 106mega M 10212pico p 109giga G 1029nano n 1012tera T 1026micro m 1015peta P 1023milli m 1018exa E 1022centi c 1021zetta Z 1021deci d 1024yotta Y
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