Immunology Exam 1 With Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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Course
Immunology
Institution
Immunology
Immunology Exam 1 With Questions And 100% Correct Answers
What are two examples of phagocytes?
Neutrophils (PMN-polymorpho nuclear) and Macrophages (MO)
True or false: Monocytes are precursors of macrophages.
True. Monocytes are found in blood but when they move into tissues, they are macro...
Immunology Exam 1 With Questions And
100% Correct Answers
What are two examples of phagocytes?
Neutrophils (PMN-polymorpho nuclear) and Macrophages (MO)
True or false: Monocytes are precursors of macrophages.
True. Monocytes are found in blood but when they move into tissues, they are macrophages.
What cells are important for parasite control, allergy, and inflammation?
1. mast cell (release histamine when activated)
2. eosinophil (similar function as mast cell but arrive at scene later)
3. basophil (uncommon; function unknown)
4. dendritic cell (internalize pathogens & active T-cells & help initiate adaptive immune response-
serving as a bridge)
What are two types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells.
T or F: Plasma cells are B-cells that actively secrete antibodies.
True.
What is the effector function?
A job that a cell has once it is activated
Some functions of the immune response include:
a. recognition of the pathogen or antigen
b. develop "effector" function
What are the main differences between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity: quicker response, use less specific mechanisms to recognize pathogens, unable to
eradicate the pathogen completely, doesn't provide immunity for reinfection.
Define hematopoiesis.
Hematopoiesis is the generation of blood cells.
T or F: Blood cells and certain tissue cells derive from a common hematopoietic stem cell.
True. It's pluripotent & self-renewing (can make many copies of itself)
Immune cells go through which pathways?
Lymphoid and myeloid pathways.
What are examples of granulocytes?
neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. They are polymorphonuclear leukocytes that reside in the
blood.
, What chemical signals drive the path the cell takes to its final fate?
1. colony stimulating factor (CSF) - GCSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) --> drives the
production of neutrophils
2. cytokines
3. growth factors
Blood cell development occurs where in the body?
fetal liver or spleen, and bone marrow (adults only)
What does lymphoid progenitor differentiate into?
1. B cells
2. T cells
3. Natural Killer (NK) cells
What does myeloid progenitor differentiate into?
1. basophils
2. eosinophils
3. neutrophils
4. mast cells
5. dendritic cells
6. monocytes
What are the primary lymphoid tissues?
bone marrow and thymus. Sites where the lymphocytes/leukocytes develop.
What are the secondary lymphoid tissues?
sites where lymphocytes are activated to respond to pathogens include the spleen, lymph nodes,
tonsil/adenoids, malt/balt/galt (mucosal/bronchial/gut associated lymphoid tissues); "dynamic"
tissues bc lymphocytes are constantly arriving and departing & "sampling" the environment in
secondary tissue to see if they need to respond to a pathogen.
What's the significance of lymph nodes?
it is where lymphocytes are activated by antigens
Wha'ts the significance of the spleen?
it is where lymphocytes are activated by antigens in blood in the white pulp to cause immune
activation (red pulp is the dead/dying RBCs accummulation and removed from circulation)
Describe the process of how lymphocytes are activated in the lymph nodes.
1. pathogen invading tissue
2. MO responds by phagogytosing antigen/pathogen
-facilitate inflammatory response
- DC internalize antigen & move to draining lymph
node
3. DC-pathogen, pathogen, pathogen components arrive the lymph node via the afferent lymphatics.
4. T-cells become activated by the DC that are carrying the antigen to the lymph node
5. B-cells become activated by the recognition of the pathogen components or pathogen.
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