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BIOL 2200 Final Exam (2).
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BIOL 2200 Final Exam (2).
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BIOL2200
Final
Exam
A
fish
is
excreting
large
volumes
of
water;
we
would
describe
it
as
______________________
relative
to
its
environment.
-
ANS-An
osmoregulator
that
is
hyperosmotic.
Which
of
the
following
animals
likely
makes
the
most
nitrogenous
waste?
A.
Frugivorous
Bat
B.
Insectivorous
Frog
C.
Piscivorous
Seal
D.
Granivorous
Bird
-
ANS-C.
Piscivorous
Seal
Which
of
the
following
statements
about
mammalian
excretion
if
FALSE:
A.
Substances
like
solutes
always
diffuse
across
the
nephron
membrane,
with
direction
based
on
differences
in
the
concentration
gradient
B.
Whenever
water
is
diffusing
out
of
nephron,
solutes
are
diffusing
in
C.
Water
resorption
happens
at
every
stage
of
the
process,
making
the
waste
more
and
more
concentrated
D.
A
&
B
E.
A,
B,
and
C
-
ANS-E.
A,
B,
and
C
The
advantage
of
excreting
nitrogenous
wastes
as
urea
rather
than
as
ammonia
is
that
________.
-
ANS-Urea
is
less
toxic
than
ammonia
Uric
acid
is
the
_______________
toxic
form
of
nitrogenous
waste,
has
a
very
_____________
water
loss,
and
a
very
_____________________
energy
expenditure.
-
ANS-Least
Low
High
Ammonia
is
likely
to
be
the
primary
form
of
nitrogenous
waste
in
an
environment
with
a
mass
abundance
of
_______________.
-
ANS-W ater
The
figure
shows
the
human
excretory
system.
Letters
from
A
to
E
mark
the
definite
structures
of
this
system.
Letter
A
marks
the
vessels
that
nourish
the
kidney .
Letter
B
marks
the
tube,
which
goes
from
the
kidney
to
bladder .
Letter
C
marks
the
sac
in
the
pelvis.
Letter
D
marks
bean-shaped
organ.
Letter
E
marks
the
tube,
which
goes
from
bladder
to
outside. Which
labels
the
urethra?
-
ANS-E
Urine
formed
by
a
kidney
collects
in
the
_____
before
being
drained
from
the
kidney
by
the
_____
and
transported
to
the
_____.
-
ANS-Renal
Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary
Bladder
Fluid
from
the
glomerulus
first
collects
in
____________________________.
-
ANS-Bowman's
Capsule
The
_____
are
the
major
blood
vessels
transporting
blood
to
the
kidneys.
-
ANS-Renal
Arteries
What
is
the
functional
unit
of
a
kidney?
-
ANS-Nephron
The
________________
is
the
outer
part
of
the
kidney .
-
ANS-Cortex
What
is
reabsorbed
in
the
proximal
tubule,
leading
to
a
reduction
in
the
overall
filtrate
volume?
-
ANS-W ater,
NaCl,
Ions,
and
Nutrients
The
ascending
loop
of
Henle
is
permeable
to
____________,
while
it
is
impermeable
to
_________________.
-
ANS-NaCl
Water
In
which
part
of
the
nephron
does
the
filtrate
have
a
higher
osmolarity
than
the
blood
when
it
enters
and
a
lower
osmolarity
than
the
blood
when
it
leaves?
-
ANS-Ascending
loop
of
Henle
What
contributes
most
significantly
to
the
kidney's
high
energy
expenditure?
-
ANS-T ransport
of
NaCl
in
the
thick
portion
of
the
ascending
loop
of
Henle
True
or
False:
The
collecting
duct
concentrates
urine
by
actively
reabsorbing
NaCl.
-
ANS-False
True
or
False:
Reabsorption
of
water
and
solutes
in
the
proximal
tubule
reduces
the
volume
of
the
filtrate.
-
ANS-T rue
True
or
False: The
collecting
duct
becomes
more
permeable
to
water
when
the
kidneys
are
in
water-conservation
mode.
-
ANS-T rue
True
or
False:
Regulated
changes
in
the
epithelium
of
the
loop
of
Henle
allow
the
kidney
to
operate
in
water-conservation
mode.
-
ANS-False
Place
the
4
general
components
of
excretion
in
the
correct
order:
1.
Excretion
2.
Filtration
3.
Reabsorption
4.
Secretion
-
ANS-2,
3,
4,
1
Why
doesn't
your
stomach
digest
itself
or
other
components
of
the
digestive
tract?
-
ANS-Stomach
cells
are
digested;
they
are
replaced
very
frequently
Which
of
the
following
statements
about
comparative
morphology
of
alimentary
canals
is
true?
A.
Herbivores
have
short
alimentary
canals
relative
to
carnivores
because
plant
material
is
easy
to
digest
B.
Herbivores
have
a
long
cecum
relative
to
carnivores
because
bacteria
help
digest
plant
material
C.
Omnivores
have
shorter
alimentary
canals
than
carnivores
because
they
eat
both
plants
and
animals
D.
All
of
the
above
E.
None
of
the
above
-
ANS-B.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
Extracellular
digestion
requires
specialized
digestive
organs
B.
The
human
cecum
plays
a
key
role
in
digesting
plant
material
C.
Chemical
digestion
is
largely
completed
in
the
stomach
D.
The
liver
is
in
chemical
digestion
and
absorption
of
nutrients
E.
None
of
the
above
-
ANS-D.
Sexual
reproduction
is
common
among
animals,
but
many
plants
asexually
reproduce.
Why?
A.
Plants
make
their
gametes
via
mitosis,
so
sexual
reproduction
does
increase
genetic
diversity
as
effectively
as
it
does
in
animals
B.
Plants
are
sessile,
so
finding
a
partner
can
be
difficult
and
some
reproduction
is
better
than
no
reproduction C.
In
general,
plants
have
shorter
lifespans,
so
its
more
important
for
them
to
make
lots
of
offspring
D.
A
&
B
E.
All
of
the
Above
-
ANS-B.
Differences
in
sperm
and
egg
production
in
humans
have
consequences
for
the
likelihood
of
successful
fertilization.
Which
of
the
following
is
false?
A.
As
a
man
gets
older ,
his
sperm
quality
decreases
B.
As
a
man
gets
older ,
his
sperm
quantity
decreases
C.
As
a
woman
gets
older ,
her
egg
quality
decreases
D.
As
a
woman
gets
older ,
her
egg
quantity
decreases
E.
All
of
the
above
are
true
-
ANS-B.
For
which
of
the
following
components
of
gametogenesis
is
the
number
the
same
in
human
male
and
females?
A.
Interruptions
in
meiotic
divisions
B.
Functional
gametes
produced
by
meiosis
C.
Meiotic
divisions
required
to
produce
each
gamete
D.
Ploidy
level
of
mature
gametes
E.
Two
of
the
Above
-
ANS-C
&
D
Do
all
animals
have
a
circulatory
system?
A.
Yes,
because
this
is
how
Oxygen
is
distributed
to
animal
cells
B.
No,
because
some
animals
make
their
own
Oxygen
C.
No,
because
some
animals
distribute
Oxygen
through
first
contact
of
hemolymph
D.
No,
because
some
animals
can
exchange
material
directly
with
their
environment
-
ANS-D
Terms:
1.
Arteries
2.
Atrium
3.
Capillaries
4.
Veins
5.
Ventricle
Definitions:
A.
carries
blood
from
heart
to
organs
B.
carries
blood
from
organs
to
heart
C.
found
near
every
cell
in
the
body
D.
where
blood
enters
heart
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