Exam (elaborations)
TMN3701 Assignment 3 Semester 1 2024
- Course
- Institution
TMN3701 Assignment 3 2024
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Hometutor
Reviews received
Content preview
QUESTION 11.1 Explain the significant role of input, interaction and output in the
context of additional language teaching. Provide examples to support
your answer.
(According to study guide pg. 12)
1. Input
Definition and Importance:
Input refers to the language that learners are exposed to in various forms, such
as listening and reading. It is essential for language acquisition because it
provides the necessary linguistic data that learners need to internalize and
understand the target language.
Role in Language Acquisition:
Comprehensible Input Hypothesis (Krashen, 1985): This hypothesis suggests
that learners acquire language most effectively when they are exposed to
language input that is just slightly above their current proficiency level (i+1).
This means the input should be understandable but also challenge the learner
to expand their language skills.
Examples:
Listening to Native Speakers: Exposure to native speakers through audio
materials like podcasts, songs, and conversations helps learners understand
natural language use.
Reading: Engaging with written materials such as books, articles, and essays
in the target language introduces learners to new vocabulary and grammatical
structures within a meaningful context.
2. Interaction
Definition and Importance:
3
,Interaction involves the communicative exchanges between the learner and
other speakers of the language. This could include peers, teachers, or native
speakers. Interaction is crucial because it allows learners to practice the
language in real-time, receive immediate feedback, and adjust their language
use accordingly.
Role in Language Acquisition:
Interaction Hypothesis (Long, 1996): This theory posits that conversational
interaction is a critical condition for second language acquisition. Through
interaction, learners negotiate meaning, clarify misunderstandings, and modify
their speech to enhance comprehension.
Examples:
Classroom Activities: Interactive activities like role-playing, group
discussions, and paired exercises provide opportunities for learners to practice
dialogues, ask questions, and clarify doubts.
Real-life Situations: Practical interactions, such as ordering food in a
restaurant, asking for directions, or participating in community events, offer
learners real-world language use experiences.
3. Output
Definition and Importance:
Output refers to the language that learners produce, either spoken or written. It
is vital for language acquisition as it allows learners to apply what they have
learned, experiment with language use, and receive feedback on their
performance.
Role in Language Acquisition:
Comprehensible Output Hypothesis (Swain, 1985): This hypothesis asserts
that producing language (speaking or writing) helps learners process language
more deeply and notice gaps in their knowledge, which they can then work to
fill.
4
, Examples:
Speaking Practice: Engaging in conversations, giving presentations, and
participating in speaking drills enables learners to practice and improve their
spoken language skills.
Writing Exercises: Writing essays, journal entries, or emails in the target
language helps learners refine their written language skills and become more
comfortable with grammar and vocabulary.
Integration of Input, Interaction, and Output
For effective language acquisition, input, interaction, and output must be
integrated into a cohesive learning experience. Each component supports and
reinforces the others, creating a comprehensive approach to language
learning.
Practical Classroom Application:
Scenario: A teacher might introduce new vocabulary and grammar (input)
through a story or a video. Students then work in pairs to role-play a
conversation using the new vocabulary (interaction), and finally, they write a
short essay or dialogue incorporating the new language structures (output).
This holistic approach ensures that learners are not only exposed to the
language but also actively engage with it and practice using it, which is
essential for effective language acquisition.
Enhancing Language Teaching Through Interaction
Ellis and Shintani’s Perspective:
Ample Opportunities for Student Talk: Interaction in the classroom should
provide numerous opportunities for student talk, emphasizing both listening
and speaking. Interaction involves negotiating meaning through group work,
enhancing both fluency and the acquisition of new language forms.
Student Participation and Self-reliance: Group work increases student
participation and self-reliance, providing opportunities to interact, negotiate
meaning, and acquire new language.
5
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Hometutor. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.95. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73314 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now