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Samenvatting goederenrecht 2023-24

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samenvatting van de lessen goederenrecht, volledig gedoceerd door Joke Baeck in het academiejaar. geslaagd eerste zit: 13/20

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  • May 20, 2024
  • 93
  • 2023/2024
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Goederenrecht
2023 - 2024
Prof. Joke Baeck

,indeling van de goederen - wettelijk kader



ALGEMENE INFORMATIE

Te kennen:

- Hoorcolleges op vrijdag (8u30 tot 11u15)
o Leerstof is alles wat in de les is gezegd!! Wanneer je iets mist, teruggrijpen naar handboek.
- Handboek: Wylleman en J. Baeck, Goederenrecht, Brugge, die Keure, 2023

Evaluatie: Schriftelijk examen met open vragen

- Wetboek + rekenmachine
- Examen: geen afkortingen gebruiken!!

Vragen:

- Mogelijkheid tot vraagstelling voor, tijdens en na de les
- Op afspraak met ass. Julie Marchau via julie.marchau@ugent.be
- Er worden geen vragen per e-mail beantwoord


Inhoud
1 indeling van de goederen.......................................................................................................................... 11
1.1 wettelijk kader...................................................................................................................................................11
1.2 uitgangspunt: Numerus clausus-beginsel.........................................................................................................11
1.3 Begrip “goed”....................................................................................................................................................12
1.3.1 Goederen........................................................................................................................................................12
1.3.2 Dieren.............................................................................................................................................................13
1.3.3 Vruchten en opbrengsten..............................................................................................................................13
1.4 Indeling van de goederen..................................................................................................................................13
1.4.1 Lichamelijke vs. onlichamelijke goederen......................................................................................................13
1.4.2 Onroerende vs. roerende goederen..............................................................................................................13
1.4.3 Overheidsgoederen: privaat vs. openbaar domein.......................................................................................15

2 Basisprincipes zakelijke rechten................................................................................................................ 16
2.1 Algemene regels over zakelijke rechten........................................................................................................... 16
2.1.1 Numerus clausus-beginsel..............................................................................................................................16
2.1.2 Anterioriteitsbeginsel.....................................................................................................................................16
2.1.3 Volgrecht........................................................................................................................................................16
2.1.4 Voorrang.........................................................................................................................................................16
2.1.5 Beschikkingsbevoegdheid..............................................................................................................................17
2.2 Algemene regels over het voorwerp van zakelijke rechten ..............................................................................17
2.2.1 Voorwerp........................................................................................................................................................17
2.2.2 Specialiteitsbeginsel (!!).................................................................................................................................18
2.2.3 Eenheidsbeginsel (!!)......................................................................................................................................18




Pagina 1 van 93

,indeling van de goederen - wettelijk kader


2.2.4 Accessoriumregel...........................................................................................................................................18
2.2.5 Zakelijke subrogatie.......................................................................................................................................19
2.2.6 Verwerking.....................................................................................................................................................19
2.2.7 Vermenging....................................................................................................................................................20
2.3 Algemene regels over het verkrijgen en tenietgaan van zakelijke rechten ......................................................21
2.3.1 Verkrijgen van zakelijke rechten....................................................................................................................21
2.3.1.1 Afgeleide verkrijgingswijzen Art. 3.14, §1, lid 1 BW..................................................................21
2.3.1.2 Oorspronkelijke verkrijgingswijzen............................................................................................22
2.3.1 Intermezzo: bezitsleer (boek is te uitgebreid)...............................................................................................23
2.3.2 Tenietgaan van zakelijke rechten...................................................................................................................25
2.3.2.1 Algemene wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke rechten...................................................................25
2.3.2.2 Bijzondere wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke gebruiksrechten....................................................26
2.3.2.3 Bescherming derden te goeder trouw.......................................................................................28

3 zakelijke hoofdrechten.............................................................................................................................. 29
3.1 Eigendomsrecht.................................................................................................................................................29
3.1.1 Algemene bepalingen.....................................................................................................................................29
3.1.1.1 Eigendomsvorderingen..............................................................................................................30
3.1.1.2 Beperkingen op de beschikkingsbevoegdheid...........................................................................31
3.1.1.3 Eigendom van vruchten en opbrengsten art. 5.54 BW..............................................................32
3.1.1.4 Algemene regel inzake natrekking.............................................................................................32
3.1.2 Algemene bepalingen inzake roerende eigendom........................................................................................32
3.1.2.1 Verwerking (zaakvorming).........................................................................................................33
3.1.2.2 Roerende natrekking..................................................................................................................33
3.1.2.3 Gevonden zaken.........................................................................................................................33
3.1.2.4 Niet-opgehaalde zaken..............................................................................................................35
3.1.3 Algemene bepalingen inzake onroerende eigendom....................................................................................36
3.1.3.1 Omvang van grondeigendom.....................................................................................................36
3.1.3.2 Onroerende natrekking..............................................................................................................38
3.1.3.3 Feitelijk gedogen art. 3.67 BW...................................................................................................40
3.2 Mede-eigendom................................................................................................................................................41
3.2.1 Toevallige mede-eigendom............................................................................................................................41
3.2.1.1 Aandeel van de mede-eigenaars in het onverdeeld goed.........................................................41
3.2.1.2 Het onverdeeld goed zelf...........................................................................................................42
3.2.1.3 De verdeling van het onverdeeld goed art. 3.75 BW.................................................................42
3.2.2 Vrijwillige mede-eigendom............................................................................................................................43
3.2.2.1 Beëindiging art. 3.77 BW............................................................................................................43
3.2.3 Gedwongen mede-eigendom.........................................................................................................................44


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3.2.3.1 Algemene bepalingen.................................................................................................................44
3.2.3.2 Gedwongen mede-eigendom van gebouwen of groepen van gebouwen................................45
3.3 Appartementsmede-eigendom (gedwongen mede-eigendom).......................................................................46
3.3.1 Toepassingsgebied.........................................................................................................................................46
3.3.1.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden art. 3.84............................................................................................46
3.3.1.2 Gebruik gemeenschappelijke delen...........................................................................................46
3.3.1.3 Uitzondering...............................................................................................................................47
3.3.2 Akten van de appartementsmede-eigendom................................................................................................47
3.3.3 Vereniging van mede-eigenaars (VME)..........................................................................................................48
3.3.3.1 Rechtspersoonlijkheid................................................................................................................48
3.3.3.2 Organen......................................................................................................................................48
3.3.3.3 Ontbinding Art. 3.97 BW............................................................................................................52
3.3.3.4 oefening......................................................................................................................................53
3.3.4 Eigendomsoverdracht van een kavel.............................................................................................................53
3.3.4.1 Informatieplichten bij overdracht..............................................................................................53
3.3.4.2 Lot van het aandeel in het werk- en reservekapitaal................................................................53
3.3.4.3 Verdeling van gewone en buitengewone lasten........................................................................53
3.3.4.4 Quid met achterstallige bijdragen?............................................................................................54
3.4 Burenhinder.......................................................................................................................................................54
3.4.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden...............................................................................................................................54
3.4.2 Remedies........................................................................................................................................................55
3.4.3 Preventieve vordering....................................................................................................................................55
3.5 Erfdienstbaarheden...........................................................................................................................................55
3.5.1 Algemene bepalingen.....................................................................................................................................55
3.5.1.1 Last.............................................................................................................................................56
3.5.1.2 Andermans OG...........................................................................................................................56
3.5.1.3 Indelingen...................................................................................................................................57
3.5.2 Rechten en plichten van partijen...................................................................................................................58
3.5.3 Tenietgaan......................................................................................................................................................60
3.5.4 Wettelijke erfdienstbaarheden......................................................................................................................61
3.5.4.1 Wettelijke erfdienstbaarheden van algemeen nut....................................................................61
3.5.4.2 Wettelijke erfdienstbaarheden van privaat nut.........................................................................61
3.6 Het vruchtgebruik..............................................................................................................................................65
3.6.1 Duurtijd...........................................................................................................................................................65
3.6.2 Verkrijging......................................................................................................................................................66
3.6.2.1 Ontstaan van een VG.................................................................................................................66
3.6.3 Rechten en plichten van de partijen..............................................................................................................66



Pagina 3 van 93

,indeling van de goederen - wettelijk kader


3.6.3.1 Beschikking over het recht van vruchtgebruik art. 3.142 BW...................................................66
3.6.3.2 Gebruik en genot........................................................................................................................67
3.6.3.3 Beschikking over het bezwaarde goed.......................................................................................67
3.6.3.4 Verplichtingen van partijen........................................................................................................68
3.6.3.5 Lasten.........................................................................................................................................68
3.6.4 Tenietgaan van vruchtgebruik........................................................................................................................69
3.6.4.1 Algemene wijzen van tenietgaan van zakelijke rechten art. 3.15 BW.......................................69
3.6.4.2 Bijzondere wijzen van tenietgaan van zakelijke gebruiksrechten art. 3.16 BW........................69
3.6.4.3 Specifieke wijzen van tenietgaan van een vruchtgebruik..........................................................69
3.6.4.4 Gevolgen van tenietgaan...........................................................................................................69
3.7 erfpachtrecht.....................................................................................................................................................70
3.7.1 Definitie..........................................................................................................................................................70
3.7.2 duurtijd...........................................................................................................................................................70
3.7.3 verkrijging.......................................................................................................................................................71
3.7.4 Rechten en plichten van partijen...................................................................................................................71
3.7.5 tenietgaan van erfpachtrecht........................................................................................................................73
3.7.5.1 Algemene wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke rechten art. 3.15 BW..............................................73
3.7.5.2 Bijzondere wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke gebruiksrechten art. 3.16 BW...............................73
3.7.5.3 Tenietgaan voor minimumduur?...............................................................................................73
3.7.5.4 Specifieke wijze van tenietgaan erfpachtrecht art. 3.175 BW...................................................73
3.7.5.5 Gevolgen van tenietgaan...........................................................................................................73
3.8 opstalrecht........................................................................................................................................................ 74
3.8.1 Definitie..........................................................................................................................................................74
3.8.2 Duurtijd...........................................................................................................................................................75
3.8.3 Verkrijging......................................................................................................................................................76
3.8.3.1 Zelfstandig opstalrecht...............................................................................................................76
3.8.3.2 Accessoir opstalrecht.................................................................................................................76
3.8.4 Rechten en plichten van partijen...................................................................................................................77
3.8.4.1 Beschikking over het opstalrecht...............................................................................................77
3.8.4.2 Tijdelijk eigendomsrecht............................................................................................................77
3.8.4.3 Bouwwerken en beplantingen...................................................................................................77
3.8.4.4 Lasten en belastingen.................................................................................................................77
3.8.4.5 Onderhoud en herstellingen......................................................................................................77
3.8.5 tenietgaan......................................................................................................................................................78
3.8.5.1 Gevolgen van het tenietgaan.....................................................................................................78

4 Zakelijke zekerheidsrechten...................................................................................................................... 79
4.1 inleiding.............................................................................................................................................................79


Pagina 4 van 93

,indeling van de goederen - wettelijk kader


4.1.1 Verhaalrecht SE..............................................................................................................................................79
4.1.2 Gemeenschappelijke kenmerken...................................................................................................................79
4.2 Hypotheek.........................................................................................................................................................80
4.2.1 Soorten hypotheken.......................................................................................................................................80
4.2.2 Totstandkoming.............................................................................................................................................80
4.2.2.1 Conventionele hypotheek..........................................................................................................80
4.2.2.2 Wettelijke hypotheek.................................................................................................................80
4.2.3 Uitoefening.....................................................................................................................................................81
4.2.3.1 voorrang en volgrecht................................................................................................................81
4.2.3.2 Hypotheek: onderpand..............................................................................................................81
4.2.3.3 Rangorde....................................................................................................................................81
4.3 (bijzondere) voorrechten..................................................................................................................................82
4.3.1 totstandkoming..............................................................................................................................................82
4.3.1.1 Algemene voorrechten op roerende en onroerende goederen................................................82
4.3.1.2 Bijzondere voorrechten..............................................................................................................83
4.3.2 uitoefening.....................................................................................................................................................84
4.3.2.1 voorrang en volgrecht................................................................................................................84
4.3.2.2 Rangorde....................................................................................................................................84
4.4 Pand 85
4.4.1 Totstandkoming.............................................................................................................................................85
4.4.2 uitoefening.....................................................................................................................................................85
4.4.2.1 Voorrang en volgrecht................................................................................................................85
4.4.2.2 Rangorde....................................................................................................................................85
4.5 Retentierecht.....................................................................................................................................................86

5 Publiciteit................................................................................................................................................. 87
5.1 Roerende goederen...........................................................................................................................................87
5.1.1 Algemeen........................................................................................................................................................87
5.1.2 Overdracht van schuldvordering (= cessie) art. 5.174 ev. BW.......................................................................87
5.2 Onroerende goederen.......................................................................................................................................88
5.2.1 Overschrijving.................................................................................................................................................88
5.2.1.1 Begrip en vormvereisten............................................................................................................88
5.2.2 Inschrijving.....................................................................................................................................................92
5.2.3 Kantmelding...................................................................................................................................................92

1 indeling van de goederen............................................................................................................... 6
1.1 wettelijk kader..........................................................................................................................................6
1.2 uitgangspunt: Numerus clausus-beginsel................................................................................................6
1.3 Begrip “goed”...........................................................................................................................................7



Pagina 5 van 93

,indeling van de goederen - wettelijk kader


1.3.1 Goederen..................................................................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Dieren.......................................................................................................................................................8
1.3.3 Vruchten en opbrengsten........................................................................................................................8
1.4 Indeling van de goederen.........................................................................................................................8
1.4.1 Lichamelijke vs. onlichamelijke goederen...............................................................................................8
1.4.2 Onroerende vs. roerende goederen........................................................................................................8
1.4.3 Overheidsgoederen: privaat vs. openbaar domein...............................................................................10

2 Basisprincipes zakelijke rechten................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Algemene regels over zakelijke rechten................................................................................................11
2.1.1 Numerus clausus-beginsel.....................................................................................................................11
2.1.2 Anterioriteitsbeginsel.............................................................................................................................11
2.1.3 Volgrecht................................................................................................................................................11
2.1.4 Voorrang................................................................................................................................................11
2.1.5 Beschikkingsbevoegdheid......................................................................................................................12
2.2 Algemene regels over het voorwerp van zakelijke rechten..................................................................12
2.2.1 Voorwerp...............................................................................................................................................12
2.2.2 Specialiteitsbeginsel (!!).........................................................................................................................13
2.2.3 Eenheidsbeginsel (!!)..............................................................................................................................13
2.2.4 Accessoriumregel...................................................................................................................................13
2.2.5 Zakelijke subrogatie...............................................................................................................................14
2.2.6 Verwerking.............................................................................................................................................14
2.2.7 Vermenging............................................................................................................................................15
2.3 Algemene regels over het verkrijgen en tenietgaan van zakelijke rechten ...........................................16
2.3.1 Verkrijgen van zakelijke rechten............................................................................................................16
2.3.1.1 Afgeleide verkrijgingswijzen Art. 3.14, §1, lid 1 BW.........................................................16
2.3.1.2 Oorspronkelijke verkrijgingswijzen...................................................................................17
2.3.1 Intermezzo: bezitsleer (boek is te uitgebreid).......................................................................................18
2.3.2 Tenietgaan van zakelijke rechten...........................................................................................................20
2.3.2.1 Algemene wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke rechten.........................................................20
2.3.2.2 Bijzondere wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke gebruiksrechten..........................................21
2.3.2.3 Bescherming derden te goeder trouw.............................................................................22

3 zakelijke hoofdrechten................................................................................................................. 23
3.1 Eigendomsrecht.....................................................................................................................................23
3.1.1 Algemene bepalingen............................................................................................................................23
3.1.1.1 Eigendomsvorderingen.....................................................................................................24
3.1.1.2 Beperkingen op de beschikkingsbevoegdheid.................................................................25



Pagina 6 van 93

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3.1.1.3 Eigendom van vruchten en opbrengsten art. 5.54 BW....................................................26
3.1.1.4 Algemene regel inzake natrekking...................................................................................26
3.1.2 Algemene bepalingen inzake roerende eigendom................................................................................26
3.1.2.1 Verwerking (zaakvorming)................................................................................................27
3.1.2.2 Roerende natrekking........................................................................................................27
3.1.2.3 Gevonden zaken...............................................................................................................27
3.1.2.4 Niet-opgehaalde zaken.....................................................................................................29
3.1.3 Algemene bepalingen inzake onroerende eigendom............................................................................30
3.1.3.1 Omvang van grondeigendom...........................................................................................30
3.1.3.2 Onroerende natrekking....................................................................................................32
3.1.3.3 Feitelijk gedogen art. 3.67 BW.........................................................................................34
3.2 Mede-eigendom.....................................................................................................................................35
3.2.1 Toevallige mede-eigendom....................................................................................................................35
3.2.1.1 Aandeel van de mede-eigenaars in het onverdeeld goed................................................35
3.2.1.2 Het onverdeeld goed zelf.................................................................................................36
3.2.1.3 De verdeling van het onverdeeld goed art. 3.75 BW.......................................................36
3.2.2 Vrijwillige mede-eigendom....................................................................................................................37
3.2.2.1 Beëindiging art. 3.77 BW..................................................................................................37
3.2.3 Gedwongen mede-eigendom................................................................................................................38
3.2.3.1 Algemene bepalingen.......................................................................................................38
3.2.3.2 Gedwongen mede-eigendom van gebouwen of groepen van gebouwen.......................39
3.3 Appartementsmede-eigendom (gedwongen mede-eigendom)............................................................40
3.3.1 Toepassingsgebied.................................................................................................................................40
3.3.1.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden art. 3.84..................................................................................40
3.3.1.2 Gebruik gemeenschappelijke delen.................................................................................40
3.3.1.3 Uitzondering.....................................................................................................................41
3.3.2 Akten van de appartementsmede-eigendom........................................................................................41
3.3.3 Vereniging van mede-eigenaars (VME).................................................................................................42
3.3.3.1 Rechtspersoonlijkheid......................................................................................................42
3.3.3.2 Organen............................................................................................................................42
3.3.3.3 Ontbinding Art. 3.97 BW..................................................................................................45
3.3.3.4 oefening............................................................................................................................46
3.3.4 Eigendomsoverdracht van een kavel.....................................................................................................46
3.3.4.1 Informatieplichten bij overdracht....................................................................................46
3.3.4.2 Lot van het aandeel in het werk- en reservekapitaal.......................................................46
3.3.4.3 Verdeling van gewone en buitengewone lasten..............................................................46




Pagina 7 van 93

,indeling van de goederen - wettelijk kader


3.3.4.4 Quid met achterstallige bijdragen?..................................................................................47
3.4 Burenhinder...........................................................................................................................................47
3.4.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden......................................................................................................................47
3.4.2 Remedies................................................................................................................................................48
3.4.3 Preventieve vordering............................................................................................................................48
3.5 Erfdienstbaarheden...............................................................................................................................48
3.5.1 Algemene bepalingen............................................................................................................................48
3.5.1.1 Last....................................................................................................................................49
3.5.1.2 Andermans OG..................................................................................................................49
3.5.1.3 Indelingen.........................................................................................................................50
3.5.2 Rechten en plichten van partijen...........................................................................................................51
3.5.3 Tenietgaan..............................................................................................................................................52
3.5.4 Wettelijke erfdienstbaarheden..............................................................................................................53
3.5.4.1 Wettelijke erfdienstbaarheden van algemeen nut..........................................................53
3.5.4.2 Wettelijke erfdienstbaarheden van privaat nut...............................................................53
3.6 Het vruchtgebruik..................................................................................................................................57
3.6.1 Duurtijd..................................................................................................................................................57
3.6.2 Verkrijging..............................................................................................................................................58
3.6.2.1 Ontstaan van een VG........................................................................................................58
3.6.3 Rechten en plichten van de partijen......................................................................................................58
3.6.3.1 Beschikking over het recht van vruchtgebruik art. 3.142 BW..........................................58
3.6.3.2 Gebruik en genot..............................................................................................................59
3.6.3.3 Beschikking over het bezwaarde goed.............................................................................59
3.6.3.4 Verplichtingen van partijen..............................................................................................60
3.6.3.5 Lasten................................................................................................................................60
3.6.4 Tenietgaan van vruchtgebruik...............................................................................................................61
3.6.4.1 Algemene wijzen van tenietgaan van zakelijke rechten art. 3.15 BW.............................61
3.6.4.2 Bijzondere wijzen van tenietgaan van zakelijke gebruiksrechten art. 3.16 BW...............61
3.6.4.3 Specifieke wijzen van tenietgaan van een vruchtgebruik................................................61
3.6.4.4 Gevolgen van tenietgaan..................................................................................................61
3.7 erfpachtrecht.........................................................................................................................................62
3.7.1 Definitie..................................................................................................................................................62
3.7.2 duurtijd...................................................................................................................................................62
3.7.3 verkrijging...............................................................................................................................................63
3.7.4 Rechten en plichten van partijen...........................................................................................................63
3.7.5 tenietgaan van erfpachtrecht................................................................................................................65
3.7.5.1 Algemene wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke rechten art. 3.15 BW....................................65


Pagina 8 van 93

, indeling van de goederen - wettelijk kader


3.7.5.2 Bijzondere wijzen van tenietgaan zakelijke gebruiksrechten art. 3.16 BW.....................65
3.7.5.3 Tenietgaan voor minimumduur?......................................................................................65
3.7.5.4 Specifieke wijze van tenietgaan erfpachtrecht art. 3.175 BW.........................................65
3.7.5.5 Gevolgen van tenietgaan..................................................................................................65
3.8 opstalrecht.............................................................................................................................................66
3.8.1 Definitie..................................................................................................................................................66
3.8.2 Duurtijd..................................................................................................................................................67
3.8.3 Verkrijging..............................................................................................................................................68
3.8.3.1 Zelfstandig opstalrecht.....................................................................................................68
3.8.3.2 Accessoir opstalrecht........................................................................................................68
3.8.4 Rechten en plichten van partijen...........................................................................................................69
3.8.4.1 Beschikking over het opstalrecht.....................................................................................69
3.8.4.2 Tijdelijk eigendomsrecht..................................................................................................69
3.8.4.3 Bouwwerken en beplantingen..........................................................................................69
3.8.4.4 Lasten en belastingen.......................................................................................................69
3.8.4.5 Onderhoud en herstellingen.............................................................................................69
3.8.5 tenietgaan..............................................................................................................................................70
3.8.5.1 Gevolgen van het tenietgaan............................................................................................70

4 Zakelijke zekerheidsrechten......................................................................................................... 71
4.1 inleiding..................................................................................................................................................71
4.1.1 Verhaalrecht SE......................................................................................................................................71
4.1.2 Gemeenschappelijke kenmerken...........................................................................................................71
4.2 Hypotheek..............................................................................................................................................72
4.2.1 Soorten hypotheken..............................................................................................................................72
4.2.2 Totstandkoming.....................................................................................................................................72
4.2.2.1 Conventionele hypotheek................................................................................................72
4.2.2.2 Wettelijke hypotheek.......................................................................................................72
4.2.3 Uitoefening.............................................................................................................................................73
4.2.3.1 voorrang en volgrecht......................................................................................................73
4.2.3.2 Hypotheek: onderpand.....................................................................................................73
4.2.3.3 Rangorde...........................................................................................................................73
4.3 (bijzondere) voorrechten.......................................................................................................................74
4.3.1 totstandkoming......................................................................................................................................74
4.3.1.1 Algemene voorrechten op roerende en onroerende goederen......................................74
4.3.1.2 Bijzondere voorrechten....................................................................................................75
4.3.2 uitoefening.............................................................................................................................................76



Pagina 9 van 93

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