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Summary Graad 8 Opsommings vir Biologie Kwartaal 1
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Graad 8 Opsommings vir Biologie Kwartaal 1.
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BiologieFotosintese en respirasie
Fotosintese
Ekosisteem: Netwerk v interaksie tussen organismes + tussen organismes en
hul omgewing.
Hoe produseer plante hul eie voedsel:
Fotosintese: Proses waardeer plante koolsuurgas, water + energie v d son
gebruik in ‘n reek chemiese reaksies om glukose + suurstof te produseer.
Die proses v fotosintese
Vereistes:
Sonlig: Verskaf energie (stralingsenergie/ligenergie)
Chlorofil: Pigment in plantselle w d stralingsenergie v d son absorbeer.
Koolstofdioksied (koolsuurgas, CO2): Word uit d lug deur blare geabsorbeer
deur klein openinge (stoma) op d oppervlak v d blaar.
Water: Word uit d grond deur plant se wortels + stam geabsorbeer.
Fotosintese begin wanneer ligenergie v d son groen dele v d plant tref.
Chlorofil absorbeer d ligenergie.
Ligenergie w deur chlorofil geabsorbeer word, word gebruik om d
koolstofdioksied chemies met water te verbind.
Voedselmolekules word gevorm. (Glukose: Suiker)
Wanneer al d fotosintesereaksies plaasgevind het is daar
voedselmolekule (glukose) en suurstof (O2) gemaak.
Van die voedselmolekule word gebruik + van dit word gestoor as stysel.
Suurstof word as byproduk in gasvorm in d lug vrygestel.
(CO2 + H2O) ligenergie vanaf son vasgevang (C6H12O6 + O2)
koolatofdioksied + water deur cholorofil glukose
+ suurstof
Produkte v fotosintese
Glukose:
Suikermolekuul (hoofproduk)
Dien as bron v energie v lewende organismes.
Word gestoor as stysel.
Suurstof:
Word in lug vrygestel.
Belangrikste gas nodig vir alle lewende organismes om te oorleef.
Fotosintese
1
, 1. Sonlig: Ligenergie vanaf d son tref groen dele v d plant + word deur
chlorofil absorbeer.
2. Chlorofil: Groen stof in plantselle absorbeer ligenergie + verander dit
na chemiese energie om glukos te vorm.
3. Water: Water + koolstofdioksied = 2 v d hoofbestandele benodig v
fotosintese.
D 2 stowwe bestaan uit kleiner deeltjies: molekule.
Fotosintese veroorsaak dat watermolekule opbreek + d waterstof +
suurstofatome v mekaar skei. Suurstof word vrygestel.
4. Glukose vervaardig deur fotosintese word vervoer na res v d plant v
voedsel.
Hoekom is fotosintese baie belangrik:
Help plante voedsel maak w hul benodig.
Suurstof word geproduseer w plante + diere benodg v respirasie.
Verwyder koolsuurgas uit d lug.
Sellulose: Hoof boumateriaal v plante + word gebruik om struktuur +
ondersteuning aan plante te gee. (deel v selwande)
Respirasie
Proses waardeur energie vanuit voedsel vrygestel word deur reek v chemiese
reaksies.
Energie word gestoor in voedsel as chemiese potensiële energie.
Chemiese potensiële energie in voedsel respirasie energie v organisme
Hoofbron v energie v ons liggame: koolhidrate
Wanneer koolhidrate nie beskikbaar is nie word vette gebruik om energie te
produseer.
Respirasie vind altyd plaas.
Aerobiese respirasie: Repirasie w plaavind teenwoordigheid v suurstof.
(C6H12O6 + O2) in lewende selle (CO2 + H2O + energie)
glukose + suurstof koolstofdioksied + water + energie
Vereistes v respirasie
Glukose
Suurstof
Produkte v respirasie
Koolstofdioksied
Byproduk v respirasie.
Water
Ook ‘n byproduk v respirasie.
2
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