Genetics Chapter 11 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Genetics Chapter 11 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Mendels Factors - answer•****Law of segregation-- only pass on half of your chromosomes passed on-- supported by meiosis -- paired genes will seperate ***Independent assortment--shoe analogy in meiosis 1 -- leads to variation in cells even after just one meiotic event genetic info inside 4 germ cells is never same- X and Y- will have chrom 1-22 but 23 will be diff-- non disjunction may mess this up Austrian monk turned botanist • Heritable features-"characters" (genes) • Variations of characters-"traits" (alleles) The Blending concept of inheritance Bf Gregor scientist though parents of contrasting appearance produced offspring of intermediate appearance -- blending concept of inheritance (red and white flowers cross would yield pink)--- didnt help Darwins natural selection theory (individuals produced w selective advantage)-- according to this variation would decrease over time- blend together Mendel worked with the garden Pea Easy to cultivate and had short generation time Could be cross pollinated by transfer from the anther (male part of flower) to the stigma (female part) True breeding- all offspring like parent Studied seed shape, color, and flower color Observed that offsspring did not posess intermediate charectroistics but rather looked like one of parents --dissproved blending concept Ensured his plants were true breeding- tall always had tall offpsring and vise versa-- was ready to perform cross pollination -- allowed him to form law of segregation Do all traits blend together- and how he tested for this? - answerNo-- if mom had really light hair and dad had really dark you should theoretically have hair in middle but thats not always true Siblings- not the same- not all blends But can sometimes blend together • Tested on pea plants-- mendel worked with pea plants re d and white flowers can blend together to make pink- that is a blending of genes Also looked at whether tall or short, shape and color of seeds Cross pollination and monohybrid cross - answerCross-pollination" He focused mostly on cross pollination If remove stamen bf pollutionation you can transfer it to another plant and cross pollinate-- small insects and mammals do this- when they feed on nektar pollin coats their bodies and then when move from plant to plant cross pollinate • "Monohybrid cross" When crossing diff organisms but just looking at one trait- easy to predict if you know genes Punnent square -- 4 square for mono • Generations: P, F1, F2 F1- first offspring f2- second gene vs allele - answerAll have exact same genes- genes that make us humans- diff versions of those genes are allele(diff eye color) Difference in Alleles Sequence of nucleotides-- still making a protein but one making protein for purple flower and one for white Not all flowers like this- there is a protein in some flowers where actual code for white protein not just whether turned on or off How you get new alleles- through mutation True breeds and when cross first and second generation - answer2 copies of same allele (different version of a gene)