ONS Fundamentals Practice Questions and Answers

when chemo is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce the size of a tumor neoadjuvant therapy neoadjuvant therapy is common for what 2 kind of cancers? colon and breast when chemo is used after primary (surgery, radiation) adjuvant induction start of chemo consolidation testing labs and such after chemo myeloblation destroying the bone marrow in order to a transplant for leukemias what do alkylayting agents do? directly damage the DNA to stop replication Alkylating agents major side effects naseau and vomititng, myelosupression, neurotoxicity alkylating ages examples cisplatin, carboplatin, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, oxaliplatin cyclophosphamide used for leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma, breast and ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma. HYDRATE before and after (can cause acute hemmoragic cystitis). can cause liver and renal damage. can cause extreme nausea, and cardiac issues. contraindicated if extreme marrow suppression. cisplatin used for bladder, testes, ovaries, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, head and neck and squamous cell. contraindicated for bad kidneys, hearing loss, neuropathy, lactation, and myelosupresion. vesicant. can cause neuropathy and ototoxicmy, extreme nausea, delayed nausea. need fluids! carboplatin ovaries, head and neck, lung, cervial, metastatic breast, testicular, lymphoma, relapse leukemia. contraindicated with marrow suppression, lactation, and bleeding tendencies. anaphylactic reactions can occur! Antimetabolites interfere with DNA. methotrexate and flourouracil. can cause myelosupresion, nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and gastrointestinal toxicity.