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AQA AS LEVEL BIOLOGY May 2024 Exam Questions and Answers
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AQA AS LEVEL BIOLOGY May 2024 Exam Questions and Answers
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AQA AS LEVEL BIOLOGY May 2024Exam Questions and Answers
what is RNA? - Answer>> ribonucleic acid
MRNA and TRNA
single stranded
shorter
AU CG
what are biological molecules? - Answer>> molecules made
and used by living organisms eg. lipids, carbs, DNA, AT, water,
inorganic ions
what are the functions of carbohydrates? - Answer>> -energy
source (respiration)
-energy store (starch and glycogen)
-structure (cellulose)
ATP structure? - Answer>> 1 adenosine 3 phosphates
ADP and energy= ATP
condensation reaction using ATP synthase
carries energy in bonds
hydrolysis breaks down into ADP and energy using ATP
hydrolase
releases energy from phosphate group bonds
what are the building blocks of carbohydrates called? -
Answer>> monosaccharides
why is ATP a good source of energy? - Answer>> immediate
release, only need to break one bond
releases small amounts of energy at a time, manageable
,examples of monosaccharides - Answer>> glucose, fructose,
galactose
uses of ATP? - Answer>> protein synthesis
organelle synthesis
dna replication
mitosis
active transport
metabolic reactions
movement
homeostasis
formula for monosaccharides? - Answer>> c6h12o6 -same
formula but arranged differently
role of water in biology? - Answer>> acts as a habitat for
organisms
make up cytoplasm, tissue fluid, blood, xylem and phloem
water properties? - Answer>> dipolar
partially positive hydrogen partially negative oxygen
so separate water molecules form hydrogen bonds with eachother
difference between alpha and beta glucose? - Answer>> on
carbon 1, alpha glucose has an OH group on the bottom. beta
glucose has it at the top.
how are monosaccharides joined together? - Answer>>
condensation reaction between 2 OH groups
roles of water? - Answer>> -habitat, high shc so a lot of heat
needs to be applied before evaporation due to hydrogen bonds.
ice is less dense than water so floats up
,-solvent, dipolar so separate solutes by charge depending on
partial charge. solute dissolves in water, useful for cytoplasm,
diffusion and active transport ect
-hydrostatic pressure, when pressurised, water provides a strong
pushing force particularly in mass flow. supports turgidity
-homeostasis, sweat on skin uses blood heat to evaporate,
cooling individual. sweat is made up of hydrogen bonds,stable
structure, large amount of heat to evaporate. LATENT HEAT OF
EVAPORATION.
bond in carbohydrate? - Answer>> glycosidic
what are inorganic ions? - Answer>> salts or minerals
don't contain carbon
eg sodium and chloride ions
examples of disaccharides - Answer>> sucrose, lactose
(glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
kingdoms of biology? - Answer>> animal, plant, bacteria, fungi,
protocista
animal and plant multicellular
others are microorganisms
viruses aren't living
all organisms made up of cells
eukaryotic vs prokaryotic - Answer>> eukaryotic - membrane
bound organelles eg. nucleus
prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes
formula for disaccharides? - Answer>> c12h22o11
, what are the 2 forms of reproduction? - Answer>> sexual- 2
parents each provide gamete which fuse to make zygote which
develops into organism
asexual- one parent to produce genetically identical offspring
how are polymers separated? - Answer>> hydrolysis (addition
of water)
how does a zygote develop into an organism? - Answer>> stem
cell, undifferentiated
divides by mitosis to make more stem cells
each cell differentiates into specialised
each specialised divides by mitosis to make tissues
different tissues for organ, and so on
what is a polysaccharide? - Answer>> many monosaccharides
joined together by condensation reaction/glycosidic bonds.
structure of nucleus? - Answer>> contains DNA wrapped
around histones to form chromatin
double membrane called nuclear envelope with pores
nucleolus produces ribosomes and mRNA
nucleoplasm contains chromatin
examples of polysaccharides - Answer>> -amylose, long chain
of alpha glucose, makes starch/glycogen
-cellulose, long chain of beta glucose
properties of starch and glycogen as energy stores? -
Answer>> -insoluble, doesn't affect water potential, cell won't
shrink or burst
-coiled, compact, fits inside cells better
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