TNCC COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS [GET IT RIGHT 100%] STUDY
GUIDE [GRADE A+] NEWEST UPDATE 2024
Define trauma
Injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; creates stressors that exceed tissue
or organ's ability to compensate
Define epidemiology
Study of factors that determine and influence the frequency and distribution of injury,
disease, and other health-related events and their causes in a defined human
population
When is the potential for traumatic injury present?
Whenever energy comes in contact with the human body
Define kinematics
The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or intentional injuries
Define biomechanics
The general study of forces and their effects
Define mechanism of injury
How external forces are transferred to the body, resulting in injury
Define potential energy
Stored energy; "at rest"
Define kinetic energy
Energy in motion
What roles are vital to a trauma team?
-The patient
-The team leader
-Core team
-Contigency and support services
What are the characteristics of an effective team?
- Clear roles and responsibilities
- Shared mental model
- Optimize resources
- Strong team leadership
- Engage in regular discipline of feedback
- Strong sense of collective trust and confidence
- Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate
- Manage and optimize performance outcomes
-Interdependent and adaptive
What are key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the trauma
patient?
,What tools can be used to promote communication within a team structure? What
are the benefits of each?
- Brief: designed to form the team, designate team roles and responsibilities, establish
climate and goals, and engage the team in short and long-term planning
- Huddle: ideally convened prior to trauma patient's arrival; communicate critical issues
and emerging events, anticipate outcomes and likely contingencies, assign resources,
express concerns
- Debrief: process improvement
Describe Newton's First Law of Motion
A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will stay in motion unless acted
upon by an outside force (energy)
Describe Newton's Second Law of Motion
(F)orce = (m)ass x (a)cceleration; It takes more force to move a heavy object
Describe Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction resulting from the transfer of
energy
Describe the Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change form
What are the five forms in which energy exist?
- Mechanical: direct impact of an object
- Thermal
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Radiant
The consequences of mechanical energy are directly related to __________
energy
Kinetic
Kinetic Energy (KE) is equal to
1/2 the mass multiplied by the velocity squared
In other words: when mass is doubled, energy is doubled; when velocity is doubled,
energy is quadrupled
Kinetic Energy formula
KE=1/2mv^2
Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the
context or trauma.
External forces are how energy can impact the body (e.g., deceleration, acceleration,
compression). Internal forces represent the ability of the body to withstand external
forces.
How do internal forces protect the body from injury?
- Compression strength: ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force
- Tensile strength: ability to resist being pulled apart when stretched
- Shear strength: ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue
, List four main types of traumatic injury
- Blunt trauma
- Penetrating trauma
- Thermal trauma
- Blast trauma
Examples of blunt trauma
Falls
MVA
Vehicle vs. pedestrian collisions
Assaults
*Can result from broad energy impacts across large surface areas and involve energy
transfer causing deceleration or acceleration
*Greater distance of transfer diminishes deleterious impacts, and the more focused the
impact, the greater the damage
Deceleration injuries
Occurs as energy is dispersed from the moving object
* The speed of an impact is often less significant than the distance over which the
energy is transferred
Differentiate between deceleration and acceleration forces.
pg. 28
What environmental and pathophysiologic factors are considered when the
mechanism of injury is a fall?
- Point of impact
- Type of surface that is hit
- Tissue's ability to resist
- Acceleration
When is a fall considered significant in the pediatric patient?
If the fall is from three times his or her height
Describe the three impacts in the motor vehicle impact sequence.
1. Vehicle hits another object
2. Occupant hits interior of vehicle (energy of impacts limited by seatbelt and airbag)
3. Organs hit other internal structures
*Organs continue in motion and can be torn away from their attachments
Examples of penetrating trauma
- Gunshot
- Stab wounds
- Impalement
- Cavitation
Define Cavitation
Separation of tissue resulting from a sound and/or hydraulic wave force
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