HIUS 221 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

HIUS 221 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers The "Filibusters" - answerA private army of American volunteers, financed by Louisiana businessmen, who invaded Texas. Were reinforced by Tejano rebels against Spain, the force seized San Antonio, and its leaders proclaimed Texas an independent country. (Although the Spanish eventually crushed the invasion, the episode underscored how weak its hold was.) Stephen F. Austin () - answerson of Moses Austin, had to renegotiate with the new Mexican government. In 1823, he led 300 families ("The Old 300") to his colony, San Felipe de Austin. The Law of April 6, 1830 - answerwas passed to address the situation: Immigration to Texas was ended. New tariffs were enacted on trade. New military garrisons were installed. (Texans reacted angrily, claiming these measures violated the 1824 Mexican constitution.) Santa Anna - answerIn 1832, he emerged as the leader of the opposition to the general then in power. After leading a successful revolt, he engineered his "election" as President in 1833, then seized absolute power as dictator. He enforced the 1830 law with vengeance, placing Texas under military occupation. Sam Houston - answerhad arrived in Texas in 1833 to revive his fortunes. His military service in the War of 1812 had attracted the notice of Andrew Jackson. His political career thrived as Jackson's protégé, culminating in his election as governor of Tennessee in 1827. (When his wife left him, he was disgraced, and he went to live among the Cherokee, who gave him the nickname "Big Drunk.") Upon arriving in Texas, he began practicing law in Nacogdoches and got involved in politics. In the coming war he served as commander-in-chief of Texan forces. The Alamo - answerIn mid-January, Sam Houston ordered James Bowie to evacuate it and blow it up. Gov. Smith dispatched Col. William Travis on a similar errand. Both men arrived within days of each other, were impressed with the work done on the defenses, and they decided to disregard their orders and join the men there (150 total) Bowie: "We would rather die in these ditches than give them up to the enemy." Travis: "This place is the key to Texas." Their calls for reinforcements were neglected as Texan leaders continued to argue among themselves. Battle of San Jacinto - answerAt this battle, the Texans charged the Mexican troops yelling "Remember the Alamo!" Houston lured Santa Anna into a trap at this battle (April 21, 1836), where the Texans wiped out a Mexican army of 800 troops and captured Santa Anna himself. Manifest Destiny - answerThe belief that it was the nation's God-given right to expand according to its needs James K. Polk - answerDuring the presidential campaign of 1844, this Democratic nominee called for American expansion westward. He interpreted his election, though he only won by a narrow margin, as an endorsement of his expansionist position. In his inaugural address (1845), he spent considerable time defending American expansion as a means of creating and preserving a more powerful Union. The Oregon Country - answerBeginning in 1818, Britain and the US jointly occupied this country. Its population of British, French, Native American, and Hawaiian trappers and entrepreneurs frequently formed mixed-race families until the 1840's. When "(blank) fever" swept thousands of white Americans into the Willamette Valley, the new settlers adopted polices that excluded non-white emigrants. The (blank) Treaty of 1846 established the border between Canada and the U.S. at the forty-ninth parallel, despite President Polk's 1844 campaign slogan, "Fifty-four Forty, or Fight!" It became a state in 1859 The "Nueces Strip" - answerMexican officials cut diplomatic relations with the US and declared the Mexico-Texas border to be the (blank) River. (This was in defiance of the Texan- American claim that the Rio Grande marked the southern border of Texas.) The Mexican-American War - answerMexico started the war, Southerners supported the war, Northerners opposed the war, and Mexicans wanted the war just as much as Americans did. The war consisted of three campaigns by American forces: (1) Taylor's army invaded northern Mexico, took Monterey, and defeated Santa Anna's army at the battle of Buena Vista (2/23/1847), despite being outnumbered three-to-one. (2) Another small American force marched along the Santa Fe Trail from Missouri, eventually making its way to California, where it aided Hispanic and American rebels who had thrown off Mexican authority. (3) When Mexico refused to negotiate, another American army under General Winfield Scott landed on the Mexican coast at Veracruz. (This is a gimme) Zachary Taylor - answerIn July 1845, Polk dispatched this general to Corpus Christi, north of the disputed area, to establish a military presence with an army of 3,500 troops. After the rejection of Sildell's offer, in March 1846, Polk ordered him to cross the Nueces and establish a base on the Rio Grande across from Matamoros. Winfield Scott - answerWhen Mexico refused to negotiate, another American army under this general landed on the Mexican coast at Veracruz. After bombarding Veracruz into surrender, his army drove inland toward Mexico City. After routing Santa Anna in two more battles, he seized Mexico City on September 14, 1847. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - answerOn February 2, 1848, this Treaty was signed. The southern boundary of Texas was set at the Rio Grande. The US gained: Present-day states of California, Nevada, and Utah. Most of Arizona and New Mexico. And parts of Colorado and Wyoming. The US also agreed to pay $15 million to Mexico and pay debts of Mexico to U.S. citizens. American troops left Mexico in June.