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Inleiding tot het recht Samenvatting
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Samenvatting van het vak Inleiding tot het recht, Handelswetenschappen. Gegeven door prof Bertel DeGroote (jaar 2024)
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DEEL I. : RECHTSFENOMEEN.............................................................................................................................................. 13HOOFDSTUK I : CONCEPTEN VAN RECHT...........................................................................................................................................13
Afdeling 1 : hét recht bestaat niet........................................................................................................................................13
1. WAT IS RECHT ?............................................................................................................................................................. 13
2. RECHTSPARADIGMA’S................................................................................................................................................... 13
3. FORMEEL EN MATERIEEL RECHTSSYSTEEM.................................................................................................................... 13
Formeel rechtssysteem...................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4. CONCEPT....................................................................................................................................................................... 13
5. BELGIË.......................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Materieel rechtssysteem.................................................................................................................................................................... 14
6. CONCEPT....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
7. MEERGELAAGDHEID EN RECHTSMONOMISME.............................................................................................................. 15
Afdeling 2 : het klassieke recht.............................................................................................................................................15
Een piramidaal en coherent systeem.................................................................................................................................................15
8. KLASSIEK RECHT............................................................................................................................................................ 15
9. BASISREGELS................................................................................................................................................................. 16
10. TAAK VAN DE RECHTER............................................................................................................................................... 16
11. RECHTSPOSITIVISTISCHE SCHOOL................................................................................................................................ 16
Materieel en formeel recht................................................................................................................................................................ 17
12. ONDERSCHEID............................................................................................................................................................. 17
13. VERVAGING VAN HET ONDERSCHEID........................................................................................................................... 17
Publiekrecht en privaatrecht.............................................................................................................................................................. 17
14. ONDERSCHEID............................................................................................................................................................. 17
15. VERVAGING VAN HET ONDERSCHEID........................................................................................................................... 18
Afdeling 3 : de ontwikkeling van het huidige recht..............................................................................................................18
Sociale menswetenschappen............................................................................................................................................................. 18
16. OPKOMST MODERN RECHT......................................................................................................................................... 18
17. ONTWIKKELING SOCIALE MENSWETENSCHAPPEN....................................................................................................... 18
Instrumentalistisch recht................................................................................................................................................................... 18
18. RECHT ALS INSTRUMENT............................................................................................................................................. 18
19. RECHT GEBASEERD OP EMPIRIE................................................................................................................................... 19
Verzekeringsmechanisme ( aansprakelijkheid)..................................................................................................................................19
20. ONTWIKKELING VERZEKERINGSMECHANISME............................................................................................................. 19
21. HET KLASSIEKE AANSPRAKELIJKHEIDSRECHT................................................................................................................ 19
22. VERGELIJKING KLASSIEKE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID EN VERZEKERINGSMECHANISME.........................................................20
23. UITBREIDING VAN HET VERZEKERINGSMECHANISME................................................................................................... 20
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Samenvatting recht 2023
, Welvaartsstaat................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
24. EXPERTEN EN BELEIDSMAKERS.................................................................................................................................... 21
25. ONTWIKKELING IN DE 20E EEUW.................................................................................................................................. 21
26. BELANG VAN MENSENRECHTEN.................................................................................................................................. 21
27. BESCHERMING TEGEN DE STAAT VERSUS ACTIVERING VAN DE STAAT.........................................................................22
28. MENSENRECHTEN ZIJN NIET LANGER ABSOLUUT......................................................................................................... 22
Nieuwe structuur en nieuwe rechtstakken (niet kennen)..................................................................................................................22
29. NIEUWE JURIDISCHE INSTRUMENTEN NK.................................................................................................................... 22
30. NIEUWE STRUCTUUR NK............................................................................................................................................. 22
31. VARIABELE GRADATIES VAN ABNORMALITEIT NK........................................................................................................ 22
32. SOCIAAL EVENWICHT NK............................................................................................................................................. 22
33. ELK INDIVIDU GELINKT AAN EEN SPECIFIEK COLLECTIEF BELANG NK.............................................................................22
34. NIEUWE RECHTSTAKKEN NK........................................................................................................................................ 22
Regulering met impact....................................................................................................................................................................... 22
35. COHERENTIE EN CONSISTENTIE.................................................................................................................................... 22
36. REGULERINGSIMPACTANALYSE................................................................................................................................... 22
37. ECONOMISCHE ANALYSE VAN HET RECHT.................................................................................................................... 23
38. RECHTSECONOMIE...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Proportionaliteitstoets....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
39. PUBLIEKRECHTELIJK PRIVAATRECHT............................................................................................................................ 23
40. PROPORTIONALITEIT................................................................................................................................................... 23
41. RECHTSMISBRUIK........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Wikken en wegen............................................................................................................................................................................... 24
42. RECHTERLIJKE TOETSING............................................................................................................................................. 24
43. BELEID VAN DE RECHTER............................................................................................................................................. 24
44. MOTIVERINGSPLICHT.................................................................................................................................................. 25
45. ZICH HOUDEN AAN DE WET, EEN MOEILIJKE OPDRACHT..............................................................................................25
Afdeling 4: het recht als wetenschap....................................................................................................................................25
46. RECHT, EEN WETENSCHAP?......................................................................................................................................... 25
47. GEDAANTES VAN RECHTSWETENSCHAP...................................................................................................................... 26
HOOFDSTUK II: REGELPRODUCENTEN..............................................................................................................................................27
Afdeling 1: wie zijn de regelproducenten?............................................................................................................................27
48. RECHTSBRONNEN........................................................................................................................................................ 27
49. REGELPRODUCENTEN.................................................................................................................................................. 27
50. BINDENDE EN GEZAGHEBBENDE RECHTSBRONNEN..................................................................................................... 27
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Samenvatting recht 2023
, Afdeling 2: wetgever.............................................................................................................................................................27
Begrip................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
51. ALGEMEEN.................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Soorten wetten.................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
52. ONDERSCHEID SUPRATIONELE EN INTERNE RECHTSNORMEN......................................................................................28
53. INTERNATIONALE NORMEN......................................................................................................................................... 28
54. INTERNE RECHTSNORMEN........................................................................................................................................... 30
A. WET, DECREET EN ORDONNANTIE................................................................................................................................. 31
B. VERORDENINGEN.......................................................................................................................................................... 32
C. PSEUDOWETGEVING..................................................................................................................................................... 33
D. ADVIEZEN..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
55. INDELING VOLGENS INHOUDELIJKE REIKWIJDTE.......................................................................................................... 33
Totstandkoming van wetgeving......................................................................................................................................................... 33
1. Totstandkoming verdragen............................................................................................................................................................ 33
56. PROCEDURE TOTSTANDKOMING VERDRAGEN............................................................................................................. 33
A. Interne rechtsnormen.......................................................................................................................................................... 33
B. Internationale normen......................................................................................................................................................... 34
2. Totstandkoming Europees recht....................................................................................................................................................34
57. TOTSTANDKOMING EUROPESE VERORDENINGEN EN RICHTLIJNEN..............................................................................34
58. TWEE WETGEVINGSPROCEDURES................................................................................................................................ 34
A. GEWONE WETGEVINGSPROCEDURE BELANGRIJK‼ (ZIE WETBOEK)................................................................................34
B. BIJZONDERE WETGEVINGSPROCEDURES....................................................................................................................... 35
3. Totstandkoming federale wetten...................................................................................................................................................36
1. Bicameralisme...................................................................................................................................................................... 36
59. WETGEVENDE BEVOEGDHEID...................................................................................................................................... 36
60. DRIE MOGELIJKE PROCEDURES.................................................................................................................................... 36
2. Wetgevend initiatief............................................................................................................................................................. 37
61. INITIATIEFRECHT......................................................................................................................................................... 37
A. Wetsontwerp....................................................................................................................................................................... 38
B. Wetsvoorstel........................................................................................................................................................................ 38
3. Parlementaire behandeling..................................................................................................................................................38
62. PARLEMENTAIRE BEHANDELING.................................................................................................................................. 38
A. Behandeling in commissie....................................................................................................................................................38
B. Behandeling in plenaire vergadering....................................................................................................................................40
4. Bekrachtiging en afkondiging................................................................................................................................................40
63. BEKRACHTIGING.......................................................................................................................................................... 40
64. AFKONDIGING............................................................................................................................................................. 40
4. Totstandkoming niet-federale wetgeving.......................................................................................................................................41
65. TOTSTANDKOMING NIET-FEDERALE WETGEVING........................................................................................................ 41
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Samenvatting recht 2023
, 5. Totstandkoming interne verorderningen.......................................................................................................................................41
66. FEDERALE VERORDENINGEN........................................................................................................................................ 41
67. BESLUITEN VAN DEELSTAATREGERINGEN.................................................................................................................... 41
68. LOKALE VERORDENINGEN........................................................................................................................................... 41
Gelding van de wet............................................................................................................................................................................ 41
69. PUBLICATIEVEREISTE................................................................................................................................................... 41
70. WERKING IN DE TIJD.................................................................................................................................................... 42
71. PRESENTATIE VAN DE WETGEVING.............................................................................................................................. 42
72. TOEGANKELIJKHEID VAN DE WETGEVING.................................................................................................................... 42
A. Consolidatie van teksten......................................................................................................................................................42
B. Coördinatie van teksten........................................................................................................................................................42
C. Codificatie............................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Hiërarchie, bevoegdheid en toetsing.................................................................................................................................................43
73. PROBLEEM.................................................................................................................................................................. 43
74. DEFINITIE.................................................................................................................................................................... 43
75. INTERNATIONAAL RECHT............................................................................................................................................. 43
76. MONISTISCHE RECHTSVISIE......................................................................................................................................... 43
77. GRONDWET................................................................................................................................................................ 44
78. INTERNE WETSKRACHTIGE BEPALINGEN...................................................................................................................... 44
79. INTERNE VERORDENINGEN.......................................................................................................................................... 44
80. BEVOEGDHEID OP WETGEVEND NIVEAU...................................................................................................................... 44
81. BEVOEGDHEIDSCONFLICT............................................................................................................................................ 44
82. WETTIGHEIDSTOETSING.............................................................................................................................................. 45
83. ADMINISTRATIEVE OVERHEID..................................................................................................................................... 48
Afdeling 3 : rechtspraak........................................................................................................................................................48
84. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Continentaal niet-bindend karakter (focus: wetsinterpretatie)..........................................................................................................48
85. SYSTEMATISCH RECHTSSYSTEEM................................................................................................................................. 48
86. CONTINENTAAL NIET-BINDEND KARAKTER.................................................................................................................. 48
87. INDIVIDUELE BESLISSING RECHTER.............................................................................................................................. 49
88. TOTSTANDKOMING RECHTSPRAAKNORM................................................................................................................... 49
89. BELANG....................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Precedentenrechtspraak (focus: analyse van de rechtspraak)...........................................................................................................50
90. CASUÏSTISCH RECHTSSYSTEEM.................................................................................................................................... 50
91. PRECEDENTENRECHTSPRAAK....................................................................................................................................... 50
92. INTERNATIONALE RECHTSCOLLEGES............................................................................................................................ 50
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Samenvatting recht 2023
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