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Samenvatting kinder- en jeugdbeschermingsrecht
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- Institution
Een samenvatting van de colleges met daarbij de arresten goed uitgewerkt en vervolledigt. Daarnaast zijn er ook enkele zelfstudeervragen over kinderrechten.
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2024Kinder- en
jeugdbeschermingsrecht
SAMENVATTING
SARAH VERHAEGEN
,KINDER- EN
JEUGD(BESCHERMINGS)RECHT
Inhoudsopgave
0. Inleidende informatie............................................................................................................................................5
1. Kindbeelden...........................................................................................................................................................6
1.1. Kindbeelden(en) kinderrechtenbeweging......................................................................................................6
1.2. Stromingen in de kinderrechtenbeweging inzake handelingsbekwaamheid................................................7
2. Normatief kader....................................................................................................................................................7
2.1. Universeel.......................................................................................................................................................7
Verdrag over de rechten van het kind..............................................................................................................8
Classificatie van rechten....................................................................................................................................8
Toezichtscomité voor de rechten van het kind.................................................................................................8
2.2. EUROpees.......................................................................................................................................................9
EUropese unie...................................................................................................................................................9
Raad van EUropa...............................................................................................................................................9
2.3. België en vlaanderen....................................................................................................................................10
Doorwerking kinderrechtenverdrag in belgische rechtsorde.........................................................................11
Nationale commissie rechten van het kind.....................................................................................................11
Federale wetgeving – beleid...........................................................................................................................11
Vlaamse wetgeving – actoren – instrumenten...............................................................................................11
3. ALgemene beginselen.........................................................................................................................................12
3.1. Non-discriminatie.........................................................................................................................................12
3.2. Recht op leven, overleven en ontwikkeling.................................................................................................13
3.3. Belang van het kind......................................................................................................................................13
Kinderrechtencomité algemene commentaar nr. 14 (2013)..........................................................................14
GwH 7 maart 2013 (p42 Reader II)..................................................................................................................15
Rvs 29 mei 2013 (p.48 Reader II)....................................................................................................................15
3.4. Spreekrecht: cluster van rechten.................................................................................................................15
kinderrechtencomité, algemene commentaar nr. 12 (2009).........................................................................16
EHRM...............................................................................................................................................................17
België: algemene regeling ‘horen van minderjarigen’....................................................................................18
4. kinderrechten en onderwijs................................................................................................................................18
4.1. Normen.........................................................................................................................................................19
4.2. Inclusief onderwijs: roma.............................................................................................................................19
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, 4.3. Inclusief onderwijs: beperking.....................................................................................................................20
4.4. Vrijheid van onderwijs (belgië).....................................................................................................................22
5. Kinderrechten en gezondheid.............................................................................................................................23
5.1. Algemeen: hoogst mogelijke gezondheidsstandaard..................................................................................23
5.2. Negatieve verplichtingen (art. 8 EVRM): verplichte vaccinatie...................................................................25
5.3. Toestemming?..............................................................................................................................................26
Kinderrechtenverdrag.....................................................................................................................................26
Raad van Europa..............................................................................................................................................27
Art. 12 Wet Patiëntenrechten.........................................................................................................................29
5.4. EUthanasie door minderjarigen...................................................................................................................29
GwH 29 oktober 2015, nr. 153/2015..............................................................................................................30
6. Kinderrechten in gezin en familie........................................................................................................................30
6.1. Recht op eerbiediging gezinsleven...............................................................................................................30
Uithuisplaatsing...............................................................................................................................................31
Parentale ontvoering.......................................................................................................................................33
Erkenning vaderschap.....................................................................................................................................35
Erkenning niet-Westerse familiebanden........................................................................................................36
Draagmoederschap en adoptie.......................................................................................................................36
7. Kinderrechten en migratie..................................................................................................................................37
7.1. Kinderrechtelijk kader..................................................................................................................................38
7.2. Wettelijke regeling.......................................................................................................................................38
7.3. Levensomstandigheden – huisvesting.........................................................................................................39
Herzien Europees Sociaal Handvest (HESH)....................................................................................................39
Europees Comité voor Sociale Rechten..........................................................................................................39
7.4. Recht op huisvesting....................................................................................................................................40
7.5. Rechten kinderen als (kandidaat-) vluchteling.............................................................................................41
7.6. Sociaal-economische rechten kinderen in migratie.....................................................................................41
7.7. Procedurele waarborgen niet-begeleide minderjarige asielzoeker (art. 8 EVRM)......................................43
7.8. Opvangomstandigheden (art. 3 EVRM).......................................................................................................44
Enkele vraagpunten.............................................................................................................................................44
8. Kinderrechten en jeugdrecht..............................................................................................................................45
8.1. Basisvragen jeugddelinquentierecht + Normatief kader.............................................................................45
8.2. VErenigde NAties..........................................................................................................................................46
8.3. Raad van Europa...........................................................................................................................................51
Aspecten eerlijk proces – Bronnen.................................................................................................................55
8.4. Een toets van het Decreet Jeugddelinquentie.............................................................................................58
9. Conclusies en voorbeeldvragen kinderrechten...................................................................................................58
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, 9.1. Conclusies – Kritische bedenkingen.............................................................................................................58
Kritische Stromingen 1 : geen rechten voor kinderen....................................................................................58
Kritische Stromingen 2 : juridische kritiek.......................................................................................................58
Kritische stromingen 3: naar een interdisciplinaire kritische benadering......................................................59
Enkele stellingen – Citaten die wijzen op bovenstaande kritieken.................................................................60
9.2. Voorbeeldexamenvragen.............................................................................................................................60
10. Algemeen deel..................................................................................................................................................63
10.1. Begrip en beginselen..................................................................................................................................63
10.2. Bevoegdheidsverdeling..............................................................................................................................65
10.3. Bronnen......................................................................................................................................................68
11. Jeugdhulprecht..................................................................................................................................................69
11.1. Korte historiek............................................................................................................................................69
11.2. Begrippen en beginselen............................................................................................................................72
11.3. Reguliere vrijwillige jeugdhulpverlening....................................................................................................75
Instemming Cliënten.......................................................................................................................................75
Modulering: functies, typemodules en modules............................................................................................76
Rechtstreeks toegankelijke hulpverlening......................................................................................................76
Niet rechtstreeks toegankelijke hulpverlening...............................................................................................77
11.4. Crisisjeugdhulpverlening............................................................................................................................81
Context, interventiegrond en definities..........................................................................................................81
Verwezenlijking : een subsidiair aanbod crisisjeugdhulpverlening................................................................81
11.5. Gemandateerde jeugdhulpverlening.........................................................................................................82
Gemandateerde voorzieningen......................................................................................................................83
Opdrachten OCJ en VK....................................................................................................................................84
VOS en MaNo onderzoeken en opvolgen (art. 42, §3 DIJ voor VK)................................................................84
Doorverwijzing naar Openbaar Ministerie......................................................................................................85
11.6. Gerechtelijke Jeugdhulpverlening..............................................................................................................85
Vorderingen.....................................................................................................................................................86
Sociale dienst jeugdrechtbank........................................................................................................................88
Maatregelen....................................................................................................................................................88
12. Jeugddelinquentierecht.....................................................................................................................................89
12.1. Begrippen en beginselen............................................................................................................................91
12.2. Onmiddellijke reactie op de feiten.............................................................................................................96
12.3. Afhandeling op niveau van het OM...........................................................................................................97
Algemene principes.........................................................................................................................................97
Zuivere seponering (art. 8 DJD).......................................................................................................................98
Seponering met waarschuwingsbrief (art. 9 DJD)...........................................................................................98
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