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samenvatting criminologische psychologie

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SAMENVATTING CRIM. PSYCHOLOGIE, SAMENVATTING BESTAAT UIT NOTITIES, SLIDES EN EXTRA INFO GEGEVEN IN DE LES. READER IS VOOR EXTRA VOORBEELDEN DUS DEZE IS NIET VOLLEDIG VERWERKT.

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  • May 21, 2024
  • 78
  • 2023/2024
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,INHOUDSOPGAVE

een schets van de criminologische psychologie ................................................................................................ 5

de ontwikkeling van de criminologische psychologie .......................................................................................... 5
De leuvense traditie ........................................................................................................................................ 5

verschillende vormen van binnen de criminologie toegepaste psychologie ........................................................ 6
wat is criminologische psychologie ................................................................................................................. 7
criminaliteit, afwijkend gedrag en de strafbaarstelling ervan als referentiekader voor de criminologische
psychologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
verklaringsmodellen voor criminaliteit ........................................................................................................... 8

biopsychosociale verklaringen voor het plegen van criminaliteit ..................................................................... 8

het complexe samenspel tussen biologische, psychologische en sociale factoren als verklaring voor crimineel
gedrag ................................................................................................................................................................. 8

biologische factoren ............................................................................................................................................ 8
de aandacht voor biologische verklaringen: uitgangspunt I ........................................................................... 8
de aandacht voor biologische verklaringen: uitgangspunt ii .......................................................................... 8
een lange, controversiële traditie met aandacht voor biologische verklaringen ............................................ 9
kritische kanttekeningen bij de aandacht voor biologische factoren ........................................................... 10
een dwarsdoorsnede van de biologische factoren ....................................................................................... 10

psychologische factoren .................................................................................................................................... 16
de aandacht voor psychologische factoren: uitgangspunt ........................................................................... 16
een dwarsdoorsnede van de psychologische factoren ................................................................................. 16

sociale factoren ................................................................................................................................................. 23
de aandacht voor sociale factoren: uitgangspunten ..................................................................................... 23
de familiale omgeving ................................................................................................................................... 23

het blijven plegen van criminaliteit vs. het stopzetten van de criminele carrière ........................................... 26

intro: een pad naar recidive of desistance? .................................................................................................. 26

wat is recidive? .................................................................................................................................................. 28
recidive als containerbegrip .......................................................................................................................... 28
verschillende vormen van recidive ............................................................................................................... 28
recidivisten & veelplegers (tekst in reader) .................................................................................................. 28
prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................... 29
specifieke misdrijven & recidive ................................................................................................................... 29

van nothing works naar what works? ............................................................................................................... 31
van nothing works… ...................................................................................................................................... 31
… naar what works? ...................................................................................................................................... 31

wat is desistance? ............................................................................................................................................. 32

welke factoren dragen bij aan recidive dan wel desistance? ............................................................................ 32
criminogene factoren .................................................................................................................................... 32
protectieve factoren ..................................................................................................................................... 33

Theoretische modellen met het oog op de rehabilitatie van daders ................................................................. 34

, uitgangspunten ............................................................................................................................................. 34

op recidive en desistance gerichte interventies: what works? .......................................................................... 37
uitgangspunten ............................................................................................................................................. 37

het voorspellen van crimineel gedrag ............................................................................................................ 38

risicotaxatie: wat is het en waarom wordt het gebruikt? ................................................................................. 38
risico .............................................................................................................................................................. 38
risicotaxatie ................................................................................................................................................... 39
HET RISICOTAXATIEPROCES .......................................................................................................................... 41
kritrische kanttekeningen bij risicotaxatie .................................................................................................... 42

dreigingsanalyse ............................................................................................................................................... 43
begrip: wat is dreigingsanalyse ..................................................................................................................... 43
doel ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
actoren .......................................................................................................................................................... 43
achtergrond ................................................................................................................................................... 43
uitgangspunten ............................................................................................................................................. 44
hoe? .............................................................................................................................................................. 44

SPECIFIEKE TOEPASSING 1: BRANDSTICHTING ................................................................................................. 45
concept en fenomeen ................................................................................................................................... 45
prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................... 45
theoretische verklaringsmodellen: enkelvoudig ........................................................................................... 46
theoretische verklaringsmodellen: meervoudig ........................................................................................... 46
theoretische verklaringsmodellen: recent .................................................................................................... 46
karakteristieken van volwassen brandstichters ............................................................................................ 47
risicofactoren voor recidive .......................................................................................................................... 48
risicotaxatie en behandeling ......................................................................................................................... 48

SPECIFIEKE TOEPASSING 2: SCHOOL SHOOTINGS ............................................................................................. 48
concept en fenomeen ................................................................................................................................... 49
prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................... 49
karaktristieken van school shootings ............................................................................................................ 50
typologieën van school shootings ................................................................................................................. 50
pad tot school shooting: strain als verklaringsmodel ................................................................................... 51
preventie ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
dreigingsanalyse bij school shootings ........................................................................................................... 52

De doorverwerking van criminologisch-psycholopgische inzichten bij de opsporing en vervolging van
misdrijven ...................................................................................................................................................... 52

Daderprofilering ................................................................................................................................................ 52
wat is daderprofilering? ................................................................................................................................ 52
verschillende benaderingen en methoden ................................................................................................... 55
evaluatie: in welke mate werkt het? ............................................................................................................. 60

het bekomen van informatie van verdachten: verhoorstijlen en hun impact ................................................. 60

de centrale rol van verdachten en hun verklaringen ......................................................................................... 61

verschillende verhoorstijlen en hun impact ....................................................................................................... 61
beschuldigende verhoorstijl .......................................................................................................................... 61
informatieverzamelende verhoorstijl ........................................................................................................... 61

, de Méndez prinviples: oorsprong, uitgangspunten en principes .................................................................. 61

de kwetsbaarheid van verdachten als complexe problematiek ........................................................................ 62
een complex en veelzijdig probleem ............................................................................................................. 62
risicofactoren ................................................................................................................................................ 62
de mogelijke onwenselijke gevolgen van kwetsbaarheid ............................................................................. 64

op zoek naar de waarheid: leugendetectie ..................................................................................................... 66

concept .............................................................................................................................................................. 66
leugens, waarheden en waarachtigheden .................................................................................................... 66
verschillende leugendetectietechnieken ...................................................................................................... 66

1) fysiologische technieken: de polygraaf ................................................................................................. 67
algemene principes ....................................................................................................................................... 67
twee soorten vraagtechnieken ..................................................................................................................... 67
accuraatheid.................................................................................................................................................. 67

2) verbale leugendetectietechnieken ........................................................................................................ 68
verchillende methoden: uitgangspunt .......................................................................................................... 68
verschillende methoden: soorten ................................................................................................................. 68
verschillende methoden: accuraatheid ......................................................................................................... 69

3) non-verbale leugendetectietechnieken ................................................................................................. 69
de myhte van Pinokkio’s neus ....................................................................................................................... 69

een bijzondere vorm van ‘misleiding’: malingering ........................................................................................ 69

het concept: veinzen en overdrijven .................................................................................................................. 69

motieven voor malingering ............................................................................................................................... 69

Het stimuleren van een stoornis ........................................................................................................................ 69

Het detecteren van malingering ........................................................................................................................ 70
observatie ..................................................................................................................................................... 70
atypische kenmerken .................................................................................................................................... 70
collaterale informatie .................................................................................................................................... 70
speciale tests ................................................................................................................................................. 70

geheugenverlies voor een delict? ...................................................................................................................... 70
organische amnesie ...................................................................................................................................... 70
dissociatieve amnesie ................................................................................................................................... 70
gestimuleerde amnesie ................................................................................................................................. 71

gerechtelijke dwalingen ................................................................................................................................. 72

wat is een gerechtelijke dwaling? ..................................................................................................................... 72

de prevalentie van gerechtelijke dwalingen wereldwijd ................................................................................... 72

de afwezigheid van erkende onterechte veroordelingen in België .................................................................... 72

oorzaken van gerechtelijke dwalingen .............................................................................................................. 73

het voorkomen en herstellen van gerechtelijke dwalingen ............................................................................... 75

mythes ........................................................................................................................................................... 75

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