Monday 22nd November 2021 LEC 172
Minerals
Minerals = Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids, composed of elements, or more commonly
compounds. They have a narrowly defined chemical composition, with specific physical properties; colour,
cleavage, hardness, ways of fracturing etc.,
Crystalline = Regular, ordered, internal structure.
Rock (Igneous/Sedimentary/Metamorphic) = Naturally occurring solid aggregates of minerals.
< Granite (Common Igneous) – Different colours = different
minerals Orthoclase feldspar = K-Rich, Pink. Plagioclase
Feldspar = Silicate, White. Biotite = Mica, brown. Quartz =
Colourless here.
IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC
ROCKS ROCKS ROCKS
Quartz Quartz Quartz
Feldspar Clay minerals Feldspar
Mica Feldspar Mica
Pyroxene *Calcite Garnet
Amphibole *Dolomite Pyroxene
Olivine *Gypsum Staurolite
*Halite Kyanite
Minerals
Minerals = Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids, composed of elements, or more commonly
compounds. They have a narrowly defined chemical composition, with specific physical properties; colour,
cleavage, hardness, ways of fracturing etc.,
Crystalline = Regular, ordered, internal structure.
Rock (Igneous/Sedimentary/Metamorphic) = Naturally occurring solid aggregates of minerals.
< Granite (Common Igneous) – Different colours = different
minerals Orthoclase feldspar = K-Rich, Pink. Plagioclase
Feldspar = Silicate, White. Biotite = Mica, brown. Quartz =
Colourless here.
IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC
ROCKS ROCKS ROCKS
Quartz Quartz Quartz
Feldspar Clay minerals Feldspar
Mica Feldspar Mica
Pyroxene *Calcite Garnet
Amphibole *Dolomite Pyroxene
Olivine *Gypsum Staurolite
*Halite Kyanite
